Izinqubo zokwelashwa kwamanzi ezimboni kanye nezinhlelo zamakhemikhali
Isendlalela
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimboni, ukubaluleka kokwelashwa kwamanzi emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yezimboni kuya ngokuya kubonakala. Ukwelashwa kwamanzi kwezimboni akusona nje isixhumanisi esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa inqubekela phambili ebushelelezi yenqubo, kodwa futhi nesilinganiso esisemqoka sokuhlangabezana nemithetho yezemvelo nezidingo zokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.
Uhlobo lokwelashwa kwamanzi
| Uhlobo lokwelashwa kwamanzi | Inhloso esemqoka | Izinto zokwelashwa eziphambili | Izinqubo eziphambili. |
| Ukuncipha kwamanzi okuluhlaza | Hlangana nezidingo zamanzi asekhaya noma wezimboni | Amanzi omthombo wamanzi wemvelo | I-FILTRATION, i-sedimentation, ukugeleza. |
| Ukucubungula ukwelashwa kwamanzi | Hlangana nezidingo ezithile zenqubo | Inqubo Yezenqubo Yezimboni | Ukuthambisa, ukuncishiswa, i-deoxygengeration. |
| Ukujikeleza ukwelashwa kwamanzi okupholisa | Qinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwemishini | Ukujikeleza kwamanzi okupholisa | Ukwelashwa okuhlangene. |
| Ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka | Vikela imvelo | Amanzi Awadoti Wezimboni | Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, kwamakhemikhali, ngokwemvelo. |
| Ukwelashwa kwamanzi kabusha | Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okusha | Amanzi asetshenzisiwe | Okufana nokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka. |
Amakhemikhali ajwayelekile asetshenziswa ngamanzi
| Uhlobo | Amakhemikhali asetshenziswa kaningi | Sebenza |
| Umenzeli we-flecculating | Pac, Pam, PDADMAC, Polyamines, Aluminium Sulfate, njll. | Susa ama-solids amisiwe nezinkinga eziphilayo |
| Ama-disinfectants | njenge-TCCA, SDIC, Ozone, Chlorine Dioxide, Calcium Hypochlorite, njll | Ibulala ama-microorganisms emanzini (njengamagciwane, amagciwane, isikhunta kanye ne-protozoa) |
| ph adjuster | AminOsulfonic acid, Naoh, Lime, Sulfuric Acid, njll. | Lawula amanzi pH |
| I-Metal Ion Demars | I-Edta, ion Exchange Resin | Susa i-Ion ye-Metal ye-Hard (enjenge-Iron, ithusi, ukuhola, i-cadmium, i-mercury, nickel, njll.) Namanye ama-ion alimazayo emanzini |
| Scale inhibitor | Ama-Organephosphates, ama-organephophorus carboxylic acid | Vikela ukwakheka kwe-calcium kanye ne-magnesium ion. Futhi unomphumela othile wokususa i-ion yensimbi |
| I-Deoxidizer | I-sodium sulfite, i-hydrazine, njll. | Susa umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe ukuvikela ukugqwala komoya-mpilo |
| Ukuhlanza Umenzeli | I-citric acid, sulfuric acid, aminOsulfonic acid | Susa isilinganiso nokungcola |
| Ama-oxidants | I-Ozone, Perslulfate, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen peroxide, njll. | Ukubulala amagciwane, ukususwa kokungcola kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yamanzi, njll. |
| Ithambile | njenge-lime ne-sodium carbonate. | Isusa i-Hardness Ion (calcium, ama-magnesium) futhi yehlisa ubungozi bokwakheka kwesilinganiso |
| Ama-defoamers/Izwe elitemi antifoam | Cindezela noma ususe igwebu | |
| Ukususwa | I-calcium hypochlorite | Susa i-NH₃-n kusuka kumanzi angcolile ukuze ikwenze kuhlangane namazinga okuphuma |
Sikwazi ukunikela:
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi kwezimboni kubhekisele ekwenzeni inqubo yokwelapha amanzi ezimboni kanye namanzi ayo okukhipha ngokusebenzisa izindlela zomzimba, zamakhemikhali, zemvelo nezinye. Ukwelashwa kwamanzi kwezimboni kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni, futhi ukubaluleka kwako kuboniswa kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
1.1 Qinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo
Susa ukungcola emanzini anjengama-ion wensimbi, ama-solids amisiwe, njll. Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza futhi uqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Vimbela ukugqwala: umoya-mpilo ocijile, isikhutha, i-dioxide, njll emanzini angadala ukugqwala kwemishini yensimbi futhi anciphise impilo yemishini.
Lawula ama-microorganisms: ama-bacterium, ama-algae namanye ama-microorganisms emanzini angadala ukungcoliswa komkhiqizo, okuthinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuphepha komkhiqizo.
1.2 Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa
Yehlisa Isikhathi Sokuphumula
Lungiselela imibandela yenqubo: Ngokwelashwa kwamanzi, ikhwalithi yamanzi ehlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo ingatholakala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kwenqubo yokukhiqiza.
1.3 Yehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza
Gcina amandla: Ngokwelashwa kwamanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemishini kungaqoshwa futhi kungagcinwa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Vimbela ukukala: Hardness Ions as calcium kanye nama-magnesium ama-ion emanzini azokwakha isikali, athobele phezulu kwemishini, anciphise ukusebenza kahle kokushisa.
Nweba Impilo Yemishini: Yehlisa ukugqwala kwemishini nokulinganisa, ukunweba impilo yensiza yemishini, futhi kunciphise izindleko zokwehliswa kwemishini.
Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo: Ngokwelashwa kwamanzi, imfucumfucu ye-biocides ingancishiswa futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza ingancishiswa.
Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwempahla eluhlaza: Ngokwelashwa kwamanzi, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisele ku-uketshezi imfucuza zingatholwa futhi zibuyiselwe ekukhiqizweni, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise imfucuza yezinto zokwenziwa kanye kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza.
1.4 Vikela imvelo
Yehlisa ukuphuma kokungcoliswa: Ngemuva kokuphathwa kwamanzi okungcolisa izimboni, ukugcwala kokuphuma kokungcola kungancishiswa futhi imvelo yamanzi ingavikelwa.
Yazi ukuphindaphindeka kwemithombo yamanzi: ngokwelashwa kwamanzi, amanzi ezimboni angavuselelwa futhi ancike kwimithombo yamanzi entsha angancishiswa.
1.5 athobele imithetho yezemvelo
Hlangana Namazinga E-ENKISIAL: Amanzi angcolile wezimboni kufanele ahlangabezane namazinga okukhishwa kwezwe kanye nasendaweni, kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi kuyindlela ebalulekile yokufeza le nhloso.
Ngokufingqwa, ukwelashwa kwamanzi kwezimboni akuhlobene kuphela nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi nasezinhlotsheni zomnotho kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwamabhizinisi. Ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kwamanzi nokwengqondo, ukusetshenziswa okuhle kwezinsizakusebenza zamanzi kungatholakala futhi intuthuko eqhubekayo yezimboni ingathuthukiswa.
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi kwezimboni kufaka imikhakha ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amandla, amakhemikhali, amakhemikhali, ama-metallurgy, ukudla kanye nezimboni zokuphuza, njll. Inqubo yayo yokwelashwa ivame ukwenziwa ngokwezidingo zekhwalithi yamanzi kanye nezindinganiso zokuphuma.
2.1 Ukwelashwa Okunamandla (ukwenziwa kwamanzi okuluhlaza)
Ukuncipha kwamanzi okuluhlaza ekwelashweni kwamanzi kwezimboni kuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi i-filtration eyinhloko, ukugibela, ukugcwala, ukuqina, ukugcwala, ukukhishwa kwegciwane, ukususwa kwensimbi, ukususwa kwensimbi kanye nokuhlunga kokugcina. Amakhemikhali asetshenziswa kaningi afaka:
Ama-Coogulants nama-Flocculants: njenge-PAC, Pam, PdadMac, Polyamines, Aluminium Sulfate, njll.
Ama-Sonts: anjenge-lime ne-sodium carbonate.
Ama-Disinfectants: njenge-TCCA, SDIC, Calcium Hypochlorite, Ozone, Chlorine Dioxide, njll.
AmaLeba we-ph: njenge-AminOsulfonic acid, i-sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, njll.
Metal ion Removersedta, ion Exchange Resin njll.
I-Scale Inhibitor: Ama-Organiphoposphates, i-Organiphorosphorus carboxylic acid, njll.
Ama-Adsorbents: Njenge-carbon evuliwe, i-alumina eyenziwe yasebenza, njll.
Inhlanganisela nokusetshenziswa kwalawa makhemikhali kungasiza ukwelashwa kwamanzi ezimbonini Susa ngempumelelo into ebekiwe, ukungcola kwe-organic, ama-microorganisms emanzini, futhi kunciphise umthwalo wokwelashwa okulandelayo.
2.2 ukucubungula ukwelashwa kwamanzi
Inqubo yokwelashwa kwamanzi ekwelashweni kwamanzi ezimbonini ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi ukwenziwa, ukuthambisa, ukudonsa kwe-doxidation, ukususwa kwe-iron kanye ne-iron, desalination, inzalo kanye negciwane. Isinyathelo ngasinye sidinga amakhemikhali ahlukile ukuze asebenzise ikhwalithi yamanzi futhi aqinisekise ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwemishini ehlukahlukene yezimboni. Amakhemikhali ajwayelekile afaka:
| Ama-coabulants nama-flocculants: | Enjenge-PAC, Pam, PdadMac, ama-polyamine, i-aluminium sulfate, njll. |
| Amathafa: | njenge-lime ne-sodium carbonate. |
| Ama-Disinfectants: | njenge-TCCA, SDIC, Calcium Hypochlorite, Ozone, Chlorine Dioxide, njll. |
| Ukulungiswa kwe-Ph: | njenge-acinosulfonic acid, i-sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, njll. |
| I-Metal Ion Demars: | I-Edta, ion Exchange Resin |
| Isikali SeNhibitor: | I-Organthophosphates, i-OrganHophorus carboxylic acid, njll. |
| Ama-adsorbents: | Njengekhabhoni ecushiwe, i-alumina eyenziwe yasebenza, njll. |
Lawa makhemikhali angahlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zokucubungula amanzi ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yenqubo yokwelashwa kwamanzi, aqinisekise ukuthi ikhwalithi yamanzi ihlangabezana namazinga okukhiqiza, inciphise ingozi yokulimala kwemishini, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
2.3 ukujikeleza ukwelashwa kwamanzi okupholisa
Ukujikeleza ukwelashwa kwamanzi okupholisa kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelashwa kwamanzi kwezimboni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziningi zezimboni (ezinjengezitshalo zamakhemikhali, izitshalo zamandla, izitshalo zensimbi, lapho ama-sys systems asetshenziswa kabanzi kwimishini yokupholisa nezinqubo. Ukujikeleza kwezinhlelo zamanzi okupholisa kuthambekele ekulinganiseni, ukugqwala, ukukhula kwe-microbial kanye nezinye izinkinga ngenxa yevolumu yazo enkulu nokujikeleza njalo. Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezisebenzayo zokwelashwa kwamanzi kumele zisetshenziselwe ukulawula lezi zinkinga futhi ziqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzile kohlelo.
Ukujikeleza kokupholisa kwamanzi okupholisa kuhlose ukuvikela ukukala, ukugqwala kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo ohlelweni futhi kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle okupholile. Gada amapharamitha aphambili kumanzi apholile (anjenge-pH, ubulukhuni, ukuguquguquka, ama-oksigin ancibilikisiwe, ama-microorganisms, njll.) Futhi ahlaziye izinkinga zekhwalithi yamanzi zokwelashwa okuhlosiwe.
| Ama-coabulants nama-flocculants: | Enjenge-PAC, Pam, PdadMac, ama-polyamine, i-aluminium sulfate, njll. |
| Amathafa: | njenge-lime ne-sodium carbonate. |
| Ama-Disinfectants: | njenge-TCCA, SDIC, Calcium Hypochlorite, Ozone, Chlorine Dioxide, njll. |
| Ukulungiswa kwe-Ph: | njenge-acinosulfonic acid, i-sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, njll. |
| I-Metal Ion Demars: | I-Edta, ion Exchange Resin |
| Isikali SeNhibitor: | I-Organthophosphates, i-OrganHophorus carboxylic acid, njll. |
| Ama-adsorbents: | Njengekhabhoni ecushiwe, i-alumina eyenziwe yasebenza, njll. |
Lawa makhemikhali nezindlela zokwelashwa asiza ukuvikela ukukala, ukugqwala, kanye nokungcola kwe-microbial, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kohlelo lwamanzi okupholisa, kunciphisa ukulimala kwamanzi nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kohlelo.
2.4 Ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka
Inqubo yokwelashwa kwamanzi ezimboni ingahlukaniswa izigaba eziningi ngokuya ngezimpawu zamanzi angcolile kanye nezinhloso zokwelashwa, ukususwa kwezinto eziphilayo, ukususwa kwezimali, ukwelashwa kwe-sludge kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi kabusha. Isixhumanisi ngasinye sidinga amakhemikhali ahlukile ukuba asebenze ngokubambisana ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuqina kwenqubo yokwelashwa kwamanzi ongcolile.
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi wezimboni kuhlukaniswe ngezindlela ezintathu eziphambili: ngokomzimba, amakhemikhali kanye nemvelo, ukuze kuhlangatshezwe amazinga okuphuma futhi kunciphise ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.
Indlela Yomzimba:I-Sedimentation, Filtration, Flotation, njll.
Indlela yamakhemikhali:Ukungathathi hlangothi, i-redox, ukuhanjiswa kwamakhemikhali.
Indlela Yebhayolo Yemvelo:Indlela Esetshenzisiwe Ye-Sludge, Membrane Bioreactor (MBR), njll.
Amakhemikhali ajwayelekile afaka:
| Ama-coabulants nama-flocculants: | Enjenge-PAC, Pam, PdadMac, ama-polyamine, i-aluminium sulfate, njll. |
| Amathafa: | njenge-lime ne-sodium carbonate. |
| Ama-Disinfectants: | njenge-TCCA, SDIC, Calcium Hypochlorite, Ozone, Chlorine Dioxide, njll. |
| Ukulungiswa kwe-Ph: | njenge-acinosulfonic acid, i-sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, njll. |
| I-Metal Ion Demars: | I-Edta, ion Exchange Resin |
| Isikali SeNhibitor: | I-Organthophosphates, i-OrganHophorus carboxylic acid, njll. |
| Ama-adsorbents: | Njengekhabhoni ecushiwe, i-alumina eyenziwe yasebenza, njll. |
Ngokusebenzisa okusebenzayo kwalawa makhemikhali, amanzi angcolile wezimboni angalashwa futhi akhishwe ngokuhambisana namazinga, futhi asetshenziswe futhi akwazi ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi.
2.5 Ukwelashwa kwamanzi okuvuselelayo
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi okuvuselelwa kabusha kubhekisele indlela yokulawulwa kwezinsizakusebenza zamanzi okuwukusebenzisa kwamanzi angcolile wezimboni ngemuva kokwelashwa. Ngokushoda okwandayo kwezinsizakusebenza zamanzi, izinkambu eziningi zezimboni zamukele izindlela zokwelashwa kwamanzi kabusha, ezingagcini nje kuphela izinsiza zamanzi, kodwa futhi zinciphisa izindleko zokwelashwa nokukhipha. Isihluthulelo sokwelashwa kwamanzi okuvuselelayo ukususa ukungcola emanzini amdaka ukuze izinga lamanzi lihlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenzisa kabusha, okudinga ukunemba okuphezulu nobuchwepheshe.
Inqubo yokwelashwa kwamanzi okuvuselelwe kabusha ifaka phakathi izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezilandelayo:
Ukuhlehlisa:Susa izinhlayiya ezinkulu zokungcola kanye namafutha, usebenzisa i-PAC, Pam, njll.
Ukulungiswa kwe-PH:Lungisa i-PH, amakhemikhali asetshenziswa kaningi afaka i-sodium hydroxide, i-sulfuric acid, i-calcium hydroxide, njll.
Ukwelashwa Ngemvelo:Susa udaba lwe-organic, sekela ukonakaliswa kwe-microbial, sebenzisa i-ammonium chloride, i-sodium dihydrogen phosphate, njll.
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali:Ukususwa okuxakile kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo, i-ozone evame ukusetshenziswa, i-PerSulfate, i-sodium sulfide, njll.
Ukwahlukana kweMembrane:Sebenzisa i-reverse Osmosis, i-nanofiltration, nobuchwepheshe be-ultrafiltration ukususa izinto ezincibilikisiwe futhi uqinisekise ikhwalithi yamanzi.
I-Disinfection:Susa ama-microorganisms, sebenzisa i-chlorine, ozone, calcium hypochlorite, njll.
Ukuqapha kanye nokulungiswa:Qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi asetshenzisiwe ahlangana nezindinganiso futhi asebenzise imishini yokulawula kanye nemishini yokubheka izinguquko.
Ama-Defoamers:Bacindezela noma baqede igwebu ngokunciphisa ukungezwani koketshezi kanye nokubhubhisa ukuqina kwegwebu. (Izimo Zezicelo Zama-Devoamers: Izinhlelo zokwelashwa eziphilayo, ukwelashwa kwamanzi okulima amakhemikhali, ukwelashwa kwamanzi amakhemikhali, ukwelashwa kwamanzi amakhemikhali, ukwelashwa kwamanzi okudla, ukwelashwa kwamanzi okudla, njll.)
Calcium hypochlorite:Basusa ukungcola okufana ne-ammonia nitrogen
Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinqubo namakhemikhali kuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yamanzi amdaka aphathwe ihlangana nezindinganiso zokuphinda futhi, zivumele ukuthi isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni.
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi kwezimboni kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni kwanamuhla. Inqubo yayo nokukhethwa kwamakhemikhali kudinga ukwenziwa kahle ngokuya ngezidingo zenqubo ethile. Ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwamakhemikhali akunakuthuthukisa umphumela wokwelashwa kuphela, kepha futhi kunciphise izindleko futhi kunciphise umthelela emvelweni. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono kwezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukwelashwa kwamanzi ezimbonini kuzokhula ngendlela ehlakaniphile futhi eluhlaza.