Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza embonini yokwenza amaphepha nge-polyacrylamide

I-Polyacrylamideiyisengezo esisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yephepha. I-Polyacrylamide (PAM), njenge-polymer encibilika emanzini, ine-flocculation enhle kakhulu, ukuqina, ukuhlakazeka kanye nezinye izakhiwo. Izosetshenziswa ezinqubweni eziningana ezahlukene ezinemisebenzi ehlukene. Embonini yokwenza iphepha, i-PAM idlala indima ebalulekile. Ilethe izinzuzo ezinkulu kwezomnotho embonini yokwenza iphepha ngokuthuthukisa izakhiwo ze-pulp nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yephepha. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ngokusetshenziswa kwe-polyacrylamide ekukhiqizweni kwephepha kanye nomphumela wayo ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

Izakhiwo eziyisisekelo nemisebenzi ye-polyacrylamide

I-Polyacrylamide iyi-polymer yama-molecule aphezulu engahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezingezona i-ionic, i-anionic, i-cationic kanye ne-amphoteric ngokwezakhiwo zayo zokushaja. Uma i-PAM incibilika emanzini, futhi isakhiwo sayo sama-molecule esineketanga elide siyenza ibe nemisebenzi emihle kakhulu njengokuflocculation, ukuqina, usizo lokugcina, kanye nosizo lokuhlunga. Embonini yephepha, i-polyacrylamide isetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

1. Usizo lokugcina:

Ama-molecule e-PAM anesakhiwo eside sochungechunge futhi angafakwa ebusweni bemicu kanye nama-fillers ukuze akhe amabhuloho. Ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa izinga lokugcina lama-fillers kanye nama-fibers kuwebhu yephepha. Kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa yi-fiber emanzini amhlophe futhi kunciphise ukulahlekelwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngokwandisa izinga lokugcina lama-fillers kanye nama-fibers, izakhiwo zomzimba zephepha ezifana nokushelela, ukuphrinta, kanye namandla kungathuthukiswa.

2. Usizo lokuhlunga:

Thuthukisa ukusebenza kokukhipha amanzi e-pulp, kusheshiswe inqubo yokuhlunga amanzi futhi kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

3. I-Flocculant:

Ukusheshisa ukuphelelwa amanzi kodaka: I-PAM ingagcwalisa ngempumelelo imicu emincane, izigcwalisi kanye nezinye izinto ezilengisiwe ku-pulp ukuze zakhe ama-floc amakhulu ezinhlayiya, isheshise ukuhlaliswa kodaka kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi, futhi inciphise izindleko zokwelashwa kodaka.

Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanzi: I-PAM ingasusa ngempumelelo izinto eziqinile ezilengayo kanye nezinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile, inciphise i-BOD kanye ne-COD emanzini angcolile, ithuthukise ikhwalithi yamanzi, futhi inciphise ukungcola kwemvelo.

4. Isihlanzisi:

Vimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwefayibha: I-PAM ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukuhlanganiswa kwefayibha epulpitini, ithuthukise ukufana kwepulpiti, futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yephepha.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-polyacrylamide kubuchwepheshe bokwenza amaphepha

1. Isigaba sokulungiselela uthuli

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungiselela i-pulp, imicu emincane kanye nama-filler alahleka kalula ngamanzi angcolile, okubangela imfucuza yemithombo kanye nokungcola kwemvelo. Ukusebenzisa i-cationic polyacrylamide njengosizo lokugcina kungabamba futhi kulungise ngempumelelo imicu emincane kanye nama-filler ku-pulp ngokususa i-charge kanye nokubopha. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukulahleka kwemicu, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukulayishwa kokwelashwa kwendle.

2. Uhlelo lokugcina olumanzi lomshini wephepha

Kuhlelo lokuphela komshini wephepha olumanzi, ukuphelelwa amanzi ngokushesha kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. I-polyacrylamide ye-anionic noma engeyona ionic ingasetshenziswa njengesihlungi sokwenza kube lula ngamanzi ukuphuma esakhiweni senethiwekhi ye-fiber ngokuthuthukisa ukugeleza phakathi kwe-fiber. Le nqubo inciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphelelwa amanzi ngenkathi inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokumiswa.

3. Isigaba sokwenza amaphepha

Njenge-dispersant, i-polyacrylamide ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukugoba kwefayibha futhi ithuthukise ukufana kanye nokushelela kobuso bephepha. Ngokukhetha ngokucophelela isisindo sama-molecule kanye nobuningi be-charge be-PAM, izakhiwo zomzimba zephepha eliqediwe, njengamandla okudonseka kanye namandla okudabuka, nazo zingathuthukiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-polyacrylamide ingathuthukisa nomphumela wokumboza wephepha elimboziwe futhi yenze ukusebenza kokuphrinta kwephepha kube ngcono.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-polyacrylamide ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza

1. Nciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa

Ukusetshenziswa kokugcinwa kusiza kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokugcinwa kwemicu emihle kanye nezigcwalisi ku-pulp, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi konga ngqo izindleko zokukhiqiza.

2. Sheshisa inqubo yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni

Ukwethulwa kwezinsiza zokuhlunga kwenza inqubo yokukhipha amanzi isebenze kahle, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe isivinini sokusebenza komshini wephepha futhi kufushaniswe umjikelezo wokukhiqiza. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokwandisa amandla okukhiqiza ozimele, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

3. Yehlisa ingcindezi yokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka

Ngokuthuthukisa umphumela wokugeleza kwamanzi, i-polyacrylamide inganciphisa ngempumelelo okuqukethwe kwezinto eziqinile ezilengisiwe emanzini amdaka, inciphise ukulayishwa kwezindawo zokuhlanza indle emthonjeni futhi inciphise izindleko zokuvikela imvelo zamabhizinisi.

4. Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yephepha

Ukusetshenziswa kwezihlakazi kwenza ukusatshalaliswa kwefayibha yephepha kufane kakhulu, kuthuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo ezibonakalayo nezokubonakala kwephepha, futhi kuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwemakethe komkhiqizo.

Izici ezithinta umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwe-polyacrylamide

Ukuze kusebenze ngokugcwele i-polyacrylamide, izici ezilandelayo zidinga ukugxila kuzo:

1. Ukukhetha imodeli ye-PAM

Izinqubo ezahlukene zokwenza amaphepha kanye nezinhlobo zephepha zinezidingo ezahlukene zesisindo sama-molecule kanye nobuningi be-charge ye-PAM. I-PAM enesisindo sama-molecule esiphezulu ifanelekela ukugeleza kanye nokusiza ngokuhlunga, kuyilapho i-PAM enesisindo sama-molecule esincane ifanelekela kakhulu ukuhlakazeka.

2. Ukwengeza inani kanye nendlela yokwengeza

Inani le-PAM elingeziwe kumele lilawulwe ngokunembile. Amanani amaningi angabangela imiphumela emibi, njengokuthinta ukusebenza kokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukwandisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indlela yokwengeza ehlakazekile ngokulinganayo kufanele isetshenziswe ukugwema ukuhlangana kwendawo okuthinta umphumela.

3. Izimo zenqubo

Izinga lokushisa, i-pH kanye nezimo zamanzi konke kuthinta ukusebenza kwe-PAM. Isibonelo, i-cationic PAM isebenza kangcono ezimweni ezingathathi hlangothi kuya kwezine-asidi kancane, kuyilapho i-anionic PAM ifaneleka ezindaweni ezine-alkaline.

Njengesengezo esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi embonini yokwenza amaphepha, i-polyacrylamide idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokufudumeza, ukugcina, ukuhlunga kanye nokuhlakazeka. Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, izinkampani zidinga ukukhetha nokuthuthukisa izimo zokusetshenziswa ze-PAM ngokufanele ngokusekelwe ezicini zazo zenqubo kanye nezidingo zokufeza izinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu zomnotho nezemvelo.