Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza embonini yokwenza iphepha ngokusebenzisa i-polyacrylamide

I-Polyacrylamideiyisengezo esisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamaphepha. I-Polyacrylamide (PAM), njenge-polymer encibilika emanzini, ine-flocculation enhle kakhulu, ukuqina, ukuhlakazeka nezinye izakhiwo. Izosetshenziswa ezinqubweni eziningana ezahlukene ezinemisebenzi ehlukene. Embonini yokwenza amaphepha, i-PAM idlala indima ebalulekile. Lethe izinzuzo ezinkulu zezomnotho embonini yokwenza amaphepha ngokwenza ngcono izakhiwo ze-pulp nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yamaphepha. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ngokusetshenziswa kwe-polyacrylamide ekukhiqizeni iphepha kanye nomthelela wayo ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

Izakhiwo eziyisisekelo kanye nemisebenzi ye-polyacrylamide

I-Polyacrylamide iyi-polymer yamangqamuzana ephezulu engahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ze-nonionic, i-anionic, i-cationic ne-amphoteric ngokuya ngezakhiwo zayo zokushaja. Lapho i-PAM incibilika emanzini, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kwamangqamuzana anochungechunge olude kuyenza ibe nemisebenzi emihle kakhulu njengokugeleza, ukujiya, ukusiza ukugcina, nosizo lokuhlunga. Embonini yephepha, i-polyacrylamide isetshenziswa kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

1. Usizo lokugcina:

Ama-molecule e-PAM anesakhiwo seketango elide futhi angakhangiswa ebusweni bemicu kanye nama-filler ukuze akhe amabhuloho. Ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa izinga lokugcinwa kwama-filler namafiber kuwebhu yephepha. Yehlisa ukulahleka kwefayibha emanzini amhlophe futhi unciphise ukulahleka kwempahla eluhlaza. Ngokwandisa izinga lokugcinwa kwezigcwalisi namafayibha, izinto ezibonakalayo zephepha ezifana nokushelela, ukuphrinta, namandla zingathuthukiswa.

2. Usizo lwesihlungi:

Thuthukisa ukusebenza kokukhipha amanzi kwe-pulp, usheshise inqubo yokuhlunga amanzi futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

3. I-Flocculant:

Ukusheshisa ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi odaka: I-PAM ingakwazi ukuntanta kahle imicu emincane, izigcwalisi nezinye izinto ezimisiwe ku-pulp ukuze zenze izingxenyana ezinkulu zezinhlayiya, zisheshise ukuhlaliswa kodaka kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, futhi zehlise izindleko zokwelashwa kodaka.

Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanzi: I-PAM ingasusa ngempumelelo izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe kanye nezinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile, inciphise i-BOD ne-COD emanzini angcolile, ithuthukise ikhwalithi yamanzi, futhi inciphise ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.

4. I-Disperant:

Vimbela i-fiber agglomeration: I-PAM ingavimbela ngempumelelo i-fiber agglomeration ku-pulp, ithuthukise ukufana kwe-pulp, futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yephepha.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-polyacrylamide kubuchwepheshe bokwenza amaphepha

1. Isiteji sokulungiselela i-Pulp

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungiselela uginindela, imicu emihle kanye nezigcwalisi zilahleka kalula namanzi angcolile, okubangela ukungcola kwezinsiza kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ukusebenzisa i-cationic polyacrylamide njengosizo lokugcina kungabamba futhi kulungise kahle imicu emincane nama-filler ku-pulp ngokusebenzisa i-charge neutralization kanye nebhuloho. Lokhu akugcini nje ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwemicu, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukulayishwa kokuhlanza indle.

2. Uhlelo lokuphela olumanzi lomshini wephepha

Emshinini wephepha we-wet end system, ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi ngokushesha kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. I-Anionic noma i-nonionic polyacrylamide ingasetshenziswa njengesisefo ukuze kube lula ukuthi amanzi aphume esakhiweni senethiwekhi ye-fiber ngokwenza ngcono ukugeleza phakathi kwemicu. Le nqubo inciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sesigaba sokumisa.

3. Isiteji sokwenza amaphepha

Njenge-dispersant, i-polyacrylamide ingavimbela ngempumelelo i-fiber flocculation futhi ithuthukise ukufana nokushelela kwendawo yephepha. Ngokukhetha ngokucophelela isisindo se-molecular and charge density ye-PAM, izici ezibonakalayo zephepha eliqediwe, njengamandla aqinile namandla okudabula, nazo zingathuthukiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-polyacrylamide ingabuye ithuthukise umphumela wokugcoba wephepha eliboshwe futhi yenze ukusebenza kokuphrinta kwephepha kube ngcono.

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-polyacrylamide ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza

1. Yehlisa ukulahleka kwezinto ezingavuthiwe

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zokugcina kuthuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokugcinwa kwemicu emihle kanye nezigcwalisi ku-pulp, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwempahla eluhlaza, futhi konga ngokuqondile izindleko zokukhiqiza.

2. Sheshisa inqubo yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni

Ukwethulwa kwezinsiza zokuhlunga kwenza inqubo yokukhipha amanzi isebenze kahle, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise isivinini sokusebenza komshini wephepha futhi kufinyeze umjikelezo wokukhiqiza. Lokhu akugcini nje ukwandisa umthamo wokukhiqiza ozimele, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

3. Yehlisa ingcindezi yokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile

Ngokwenza ngcono umphumela we-flocculation, i-polyacrylamide inganciphisa ngempumelelo okuqukethwe kwezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe emanzini angcolile, ukunciphisa ukulayishwa kwezindawo zokuhlanza indle kusuka emthonjeni nokunciphisa izindleko zokuvikela imvelo zamabhizinisi.

4. Thuthukisa izinga lephepha

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-dispersants kwenza ukusatshalaliswa kwefayibha kwephepha kufane kakhudlwana, kuthuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo zephepha ezibonakalayo nezibonakalayo, futhi kuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwemakethe yomkhiqizo.

Izici ezithinta umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwe-polyacrylamide

Ukuze unikeze umdlalo ogcwele ekusebenzeni kwe-polyacrylamide, lezi zinto ezilandelayo zidinga ukugxila kuzo:

1. Ukukhetha imodeli ye-PAM

Izinqubo ezihlukene zokwenza amaphepha nezinhlobo zephepha zinezidingo ezihlukene zesisindo samangqamuzana nokuminyana kokushaja kwe-PAM. I-PAM yesisindo esiphezulu se-molecular ifaneleka ukugeleza kanye nosizo lokuhlunga, kuyilapho i-PAM ephansi ye-molecular weight ifaneleka kakhulu ekuhlakazweni.

2. Ukwengeza inani kanye nendlela yokwengeza

Inani le-PAM elingeziwe kufanele lilawulwe ngokunembile. Amanani eqile angabangela imiphumela engemihle, njengokuphazamisa ukusebenza kokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukukhulisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indlela yokwengeza ehlakazeke ngokufanayo kufanele isetshenziswe ukuze kugwenywe ukuhlanganisa kwendawo okuthinta umphumela.

3. Izimo zenqubo

Izinga lokushisa, i-pH nezimo zamanzi konke kuthinta ukusebenza kwe-PAM. Isibonelo, i-cationic PAM isebenza kangcono ekungathathi hlangothi kuya kwezimo ezine-acidic kancane, kuyilapho i-anionic PAM ifanele izindawo ezine-alkaline.

Njengesengezo esinemisebenzi eminingi embonini yokwenza iphepha, i-polyacrylamide idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nge-flocculation yayo enhle kakhulu, ukugcinwa, ukuhlunga kanye nezindawo zokusabalalisa. Kuzicelo ezingokoqobo, izinkampani zidinga ukukhetha ngokunengqondo futhi zandise izimo zokusebenzisa i-PAM ngokusekelwe ezicini zenqubo yazo kanye nezidingo zokuzuza izinzuzo ezingcono kakhulu zezomnotho nezemvelo.