Ushukela uyinto eluhlaza eyisisekelo yeziphuzo, ukudla okulula, ukudla okusheshayo, amaswidi, amakhekhe, kanye nezimboni ezihlobene nawo. Uvame ukusetshenziswa njengesinongo empilweni yansuku zonke. Unezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa kanye nesidingo esikhulu. Ushukela uvame ukuvela kuma-beet kashukela kanye ne-sucrose. Ama-beet kashukela enza u-20% wokukhiqizwa kukashukela, kanti umoba wenza u-80%. Abakhiqizi abahlanu abaphezulu bakashukela bomoba emhlabeni yiBrazil, iNdiya, iShayina, iThailand, nePakistan. Abakhiqizi abahlanu abaphezulu bakashukela beet emhlabeni yiFrance, i-United States, iJalimane, iRussia, kanye neTurkey.
Uma kwenziwa ushukela, kukhiqizwa inani elikhulu lamanzi angcolile kanye nejusi kashukela. Lawa manzi angcolile kanye nejusi kashukela kudingeka aphathwe ngesikhathi sokucubungula noma ukukhishwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso. Ukucaciswa kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwazo.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule,I-Polyaluminium ChlorideIsetshenziswe kabanzi ezimbonini zikashukela emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo okuphezulu kanye nokuqina. Yiba ngomunye wama-coagulant athandwa kakhulu. Kusukela ekuhlanzweni kwejusi kashukela kuya ekwelapheni i-COD emanzini angcolile, i-PAC inikeza ikhambi elifanele kakhulu embonini kashukela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-PAC Embonini Kashukela
I-Polyaaluminium chloride ingaphula futhi ihlanganise izinhlayiya ezilengayo, ama-colloid kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezincibilikisiwe. Iyi-ejenti yokucacisa i-polymer engaphili enezinga eliphezulu le-polymerization kanye nokuminyana kweshaja ephezulu. Ivame ukusetshenziswa embonini kashukela ku:
- Ukucaciswa kwejusi likamoba noma ijusi le-beetroot.
- Susa umbala bese unciphisa ukudungeka.
- Thuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-sedimentation kanye nokusebenza kokuhlunga.
- Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ngaphambi kokukhishwa noma ukusetshenziswa kabusha.
Ngokungafani nama-coagulant endabuko njenge-aluminium sulfate noma i-lime, i-PAC isebenza kahle ebangeni le-pH elibanzi, ikhiqiza udaka oluncane futhi inezinga lokujiya okusheshayo.
I-Polyaluminium Chloride Isetshenziselwa Ukucacisa Ijusi Likashukela
Ijusi likashukela elingacutshungulwa liqukethe ukungcola okuhlukahlukene: izinto eziqinile ezilengayo, imicu yezitshalo, ama-colloid, amaprotheni, ama-polysaccharides, ama-pigment, inhlabathi, nezinhlayiya ezingaphili, njll. Lokhu kungcola kuzothinta ubumsulwa bejusi likashukela, ukusebenza kahle kwe-crystallization, ikhwalithi kashukela oqediwe, njll. I-PAC ingasusa ukungcola okulengayo nokuncibilikisiwe; lo mphumela ubizwa ngokuthi ukucaca.
Indlela Yokusebenza Kwe-Polyaluminium Chloride Ekucacisweni Kwejusi
·Ishaja enhle ye-polyaluminium chloride iqeda ishaja embi kuma-colloids nasezinhlayiyeni ezincane, okwenza zingazinzile.
·Bamba amaprotheni, izinhlayiya zesihlabathi, amakhemikhali e-pigment kanye nezinye izinto oketshezini, okubangela ukuthi zakhe ama-floc amakhulu ahlala ngokushesha ku-clarifier.
·Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PAC ingamunca futhi amakhemikhali abangela umbala woketshezi, okwenza umbala wesiraphu kashukela ube lula futhi ngaleyo ndlela wenze umbala womkhiqizo oqediwe ube sobala kakhudlwana.
Izinzuzo ze-PAC ekuhlanzweni kwejusi
* Umphumela ongcono wokunciphisa ukucaca kwejusi nombala
* Isivinini sokuhlala esisheshayo kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokuhlala
* Kunciphise ukungcoliswa kwejusi elicwengekile
* Ukunciphisa ukukhushulwa kwama-evaporator nama-heater
* Isivuno esikhulu sikashukela ngenxa yamandla athuthukisiwe okwenza kube kristalu
* Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nama-coagulant endabuko
* Umthamo wodaka oncishisiwe kanye nokuhlungwa kodaka okulula
Sekukonke, i-PAC ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ngenkathi ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kashukela wokugcina.
Isilinganiso Esinconyiwe se-PAC Sokucaciswa Kwejusi
Umthamo ojwayelekile uncike kwikhwalithi yejusi, uhlobo lomoba noma i-beetroot, kanye nobumsulwa obudingekayo. Uhlu olujwayelekile lomthamo luhlanganisa:
Umthamo we-PAC kujusi kamoba ongahluziwe u-20-50 mg/L
Uma isetshenziswa kanye nama-flocculant assistant, ukuhlushwa kwe-PAC kungu-10-30 mg/L.
Kumajusi ezithelo angcolile kakhulu noma anezimvula, umthamo we-PAC ungama-40-80 mg/L.
Ukulungiswa komthamo kwenziwa kangcono ngokuhlolwa kwe-beaker yelabhorethri.
Nquma umthamo ofanele ngokusekelwe ezinkingeni ezahlukene zejusi kashukela.
I-Polyaaluminium Chloride: Isetshenziselwa Ukwelapha Amanzi Angcolile Embonini Kashukela
Uma amanzi angcolile embonini kashukela ekhishwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa, azobangela izinkinga zokungcola ezindaweni zemvelo zasemanzini nasemhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma amanzi angcolile embonini kashukela engalungiswa ngokuphelele, azokhipha iphunga elibi uma ekhishwa emvelweni. Imithombo eyinhloko yamanzi angcolile avela ezimbonini zikashukela ihlanganisa izinqubo zokufaka ujusi nokuhlanza, ukubhoboza amabhoyila, izinqubo zokuhlunga nokucacisa, imisebenzi yokuhlanza imishini, kanye namanzi abandayo kanye namanzi okupholisa, njll.
Izici Zamanzi Angcolile Embonini Kashukela
Lolu hlobo lwamanzi angcolile luvame ukuqukethe izinto eziphilayo (i-COD ne-BOD), izinto eziqinile ezilengayo, imibala, amafutha nezinye izinto. Lunombala onsundu, inani eliphansi le-pH, inkinga yephunga, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwento eqinile, kanye nengxenye ephezulu yezinto eziphilayo nezingaphili ezincibilikisiwe.
Isimiso Esisebenzayo se-PAC Ekuphathweni Kwamanzi Angcolile
I-PAC ithola ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka okuphumelelayo ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
· Ukujiya kanye nokufakwa kwenhlabathi
Kungaphazamisa ukuzinza kwezinto eziqinile ezilengayo kanye nama-colloid emvelo, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaze ukwakheka okusheshayo kwama-floc.
· Isidingo se-oxygen yamakhemikhali kanye nesidingo se-oxygen yezinto eziphilayo sehlile
I-PAC ingasusa amakhemikhali e-organic ancibilikisiwe abangela umthwalo omkhulu we-COD/BOD.
· Ukususa umbala
I-PAC ingamunca amakhemikhali e-chromogenic kanye nemibala emanzini angcolile.
· Umthamo wodaka uyancipha
Udaka olukhiqizwa yi-PAC lunobukhulu obukhulu, luncane kakhulu, futhi kulula ukuluphatha nokulukhipha emanzini.
Izinzuzo ze-PAC ekuphathweni kwamanzi angcolile
- Kuye ngezimo zefektri, izinga lokususwa kwe-COD lingafinyelela ku-60% kuya ku-85%.
- Ukuthuthumela kanye nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe ngokuphelele (i-TSS) kuthuthukiswe kakhulu
- Khulisa izinga lokuthungwa kwenhlabathi ku-clarifier
- Uma kuqhathaniswa nosawoti we-alum noma we-ferrous, ukukhiqizwa kodaka kuphansi
- Isebenza kahle ngaphakathi kobubanzi be-pH (5-9)
- Isidingo samakhemikhali okulungisa i-pH sinciphile
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kohlelo lokwelapha ngezinto eziphilayo
- Lezi zinzuzo zenza i-PAC ibe yisinqumo esikhethwayo sezimboni zikashukela ezilandela ukuthobela imithetho kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.
Isilinganiso se-PAC Esinconyiwe Sokwelashwa Kwamanzi Angcolile
Isilinganiso se-PAC siyahlukahluka kuye ngezici zamanzi amdaka:
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlushwa kungu-30–150 mg/L. Kumanzi angcolile ane-COD ephezulu, ukuhlushwa kungu-100–200 mg/L.
Uma kusetshenziswa ne-flocculants (njenge-PAM), ukuhlushwa kungu-20–50 mg/L.
Umthamo ofanele uqinisekisa ukucaciswa okuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ngokweqile noma izindleko ezingadingekile.
Amaphuzu Okwengeza e-PAC Ekuphathweni Kwamanzi
Isigaba Sokwelashwa Ngaphambi Kokwelashwa:Leli yiphuzu eliyinhloko lokwengezwa kwe-PAC, lapho kuqeda khona ukuzinza kwezinhlayiya ze-colloidal futhi kunciphisa ukungcoliswa.
Ngaphambi Kokuhluma Nokuthuthwa Kwendle:Ukuhlanganisa i-PAC ne-flocculant efana ne-PAM kulesi sigaba kufeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokujiya kanye nokusebenza kwe-sedimentation, kuthuthukisa ukucaca kwamanzi kanye nokusebenza kahle kokwelashwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-PAC ngokubambisana nezinye izidakamizwa ze-Flocculant
Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa kanye ne-PAM (I-Polyacrylamide) ukuthuthukisa amandla e-floc.
Ukuze kube nombala ogqamile, kungafakwa i-ejenti yokususa umbala.
Umphumela omuhle kakhulu ku-pH 6.5–7.5; i-lime ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa i-pH.
I-Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) isibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu embonini kashukela yesimanje ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kahle, ukuzinza, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ekucacisweni kwejusi kashukela kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-coagulant endabuko, i-PAC inikeza izinzuzo eziningana: ububanzi be-pH ebanzi, isivinini sokuzinza okusheshayo, ukukhiqizwa kodaka oluncane, kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokukhiqizwa kukashukela. Ngokulawula ngokunembile umthamo we-PAC nokuyihlanganisa nama-flocculant asizayo njenge-polyacrylamide (PAM), izitshalo zikashukela zingafinyelela imiphumela yokucaciswa okuhle kakhulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.
Ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nemboni kashukela lungatholakala ku-"Izixazululo Zamakhemikhali Zemboni Kashukela". Ngethemba ukuthi lokhu kuzokusiza."
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-02-2025
