Ngokuthuthuka kwezidingo zabantu zempilo kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila, ukubhukuda sekuyinto ethandwayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuphepha kwekhwalithi yamanzi echibini lokubhukuda kuhlobene ngqo nempilo yabasebenzisi, ngakho-keukubulala amagciwane echibini lokubhukudakuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile esingenakunakwa. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula ukuhlukaniswa okuyinhloko kwezibulala-magciwane zamachibi okubhukuda kanye nezimo zazo zokusetshenziswa ezifanele ukusiza abafundi ukukhetha nokusebenzisa kangcono imikhiqizo efanelekile.
Ukuhlukaniswa okuyinhloko kwezibulala-magciwane zokubhukuda
Izibulali-magciwane zamachibi okubhukuda zihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigaba ezilandelayo:
1. Izibulali-magciwane ezisekelwe ku-chlorine
Izibulali-magciwane ezisekelwe ku-chlorine ziyimikhiqizo yokubulala amagciwane echibini lokubhukuda esetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa okulandelayo:
- I-Trichloroisocyanuric Acid(TCCA)
I-Trichloroisocyanuric acid iyisibulali-magciwane esisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi esizinzile esisekelwe ku-chlorine esinomphumela omuhle kakhulu wokubulala amagciwane kanye nokuqina isikhathi eside, esifanelekela amachibi okubhukuda angaphandle.
- I-Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate(SDIC)
Lesi sibulali-magciwane siyancibilika ngokushesha futhi singasetshenziswa njengesivikelo sechibi lokubhukuda. Sifanele izimo ezidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo, njengokuhlanza okuphuthumayo noma amachibi okubhukuda anekhwalithi embi yamanzi.
I-calcium hypochlorite inamandla amakhulu okukhipha i-oxidize futhi iyancibilika ngokushesha. Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukugcinwa nokuthuthwa okuphephile.
2. I-BCDMH(Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin)
I-Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin ingaqhubeka nokukhulula i-Br esebenzayo kanye ne-Cl esebenzayo ngokuyincibilikisa emanzini ukuze yakhe i-hypobromous acid kanye ne-hypochlorous acid. I-hypobromous acid ekhiqizwe kanye ne-hypochlorous acid inezakhiwo eziqinile zokuxilisa futhi i-oxidize ama-enzyme ebhayoloji kuma-microorganisms ukuze kufezwe injongo yokubulala amagciwane.
3. I-Ozone
I-ozone iyi-oxidant enamandla engabulala ngempumelelo amagciwane futhi ifanelekela amachibi okubhukuda aphezulu kanye nama-spa.
4. Ukubulala amagciwane nge-ultraviolet
Ubuchwepheshe be-Ultraviolet bubulala amabhaktheriya ngokubhubhisa i-DNA yama-microorganisms, kodwa kudingeka busetshenziswe kanye nezinye izibulali-magciwane ukuze kulondolozwe ikhono lokubulala amagciwane elisele emanzini.
Ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kokubulala amagciwane ezimweni ezahlukene
Ukukhetha isibulali-magciwane kufanele kwehluke kuye ngezimo zokusetshenziswa kanye nezimo zechibi lokubhukuda.
1. Ichibi lokubhukuda lomndeni
Amachibi okubhukuda omndeni ngokuvamile mancane ngobukhulu futhi anokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe, ngakho-ke kufanele kukhethwe isibulali-magciwane esilula ukusisebenzisa futhi esiphephile ukusigcina.
-Imikhiqizo enconyiwe: amaphilisi e-trichloroisocyanuric acid noma ama-granules e-sodium dichloroisocyanurate.
- Izizathu:
- Kulula ukulawula inani lokukhululwa.
- Umphumela omuhle wokubulala amagciwane okuqhubekayo kanye nokuncipha kwemvamisa yokulungisa.
- Izingxenye ze-cyanuric acid zingavikela ngempumelelo umsebenzi we-chlorine.
2. Amachibi okubhukuda omphakathi angaphandle
Amachibi okubhukuda omphakathi angaphandle avame ukusetshenziswa futhi anabantu abaningi, adinga izixazululo zokubulala amagciwane ezisebenzayo nezingabizi.
- Imikhiqizo enconyiwe:
- I-Trichloroisocyanuric acid (efanele ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke).
- SDIC kanye (kufanele ukulungiswa okusheshayo ngezikhathi eziphakeme).
i-calcium hypochlorite ene-cyanuric acid
- Izizathu:
- Umthamo wokukhishwa kwe-chlorine ozinzile uhlangabezana nezidingo zomthwalo ophezulu.
- Izindleko eziphansi kakhulu, ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu.
3. Amachibi okubhukuda angaphakathi
Amachibi okubhukuda angaphakathi anezimo zokungenisa umoya ezilinganiselwe, futhi ukuguquguquka kwe-chlorine kungabangela izinkinga zempilo, ngakho-ke imikhiqizo eguquguqukayo noma engaguquki kudingeka ikhethwe.
- Imikhiqizo enconyiwe:
- I-calcium hypochlorite.
- I-SDIC
- Izibulali-magciwane ezingezona i-chlorine (njenge-PHMB).
- Izizathu:
- Nciphisa iphunga le-chlorine kanye nokucasuka.
- Gcina ukuhlanzeka ngenkathi uthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi.
4. Izindawo zokubhukuda ze-spa noma amachibi okubhukuda aphezulu
Lezi zindawo zigxila ekuhlanzekeni kwamanzi kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi, futhi ngokuvamile zikhetha izixazululo ezinobungani nemvelo nezisebenza kahle.
- Imikhiqizo enconyiwe: SDIC, BCDMH, i-ozone
- Izizathu:
- Ukubulala amagciwane okuphumelelayo kakhulu ngenkathi kunciphisa izinsalela zamakhemikhali.
- Thuthukisa induduzo yomsebenzisi kanye nokwethembana.
5. Amachibi okubhukuda ezingane
Amachibi okubhukuda ezingane kudingeka anake kakhulu ukucasuka okuncane kanye nokuphepha.
- Imikhiqizo enconyiwe: SDIC, PHMB
- Izizathu:
- Izibulali-magciwane ezingenayo i-chlorine zinganciphisa ukucasuka esikhumbeni nasemahlweni.
- Ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunciphisa ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo eyingozi.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokubulala amagciwane echibini lokubhukuda
Lapho ukhetha futhi usebenzisa ama-disinfectants, kufanele futhi unake amaphuzu alandelayo:
1. Landela imiyalelo yomkhiqizo
Isilinganiso kanye nezindlela zokusebenzisa izibulali-magciwane ezahlukene ziyahlukahluka. Kumelwe ulandele imiyalelo ngokuqinile ukuze ugweme umthamo oweqile noma umthamo ongaphansi.
2. Qapha ikhwalithi yamanzi njalo
Sebenzisa imichilo yokuhlola ichibi noma imishini yokuhlola yobungcweti ukuze uhlole njalo inani le-pH, ukuhlushwa kwe-chlorine esele kanye ne-alkalinity ephelele emanzini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yamanzi iyahlangabezana nezindinganiso.
3. Vimbela ukuxubana kwamakhemikhali
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezibulala-magciwane zingasabela ngamakhemikhali, ngakho-ke kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ziyahambisana yini ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
4. Isitoreji esiphephile
Izibulali-magciwane kufanele zigcinwe endaweni eyomile, enomoya omuhle, kude namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, futhi kude nezingane.
Ukukhethwa nokusetshenziswa kwezibulali-magciwane zamachibi kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina ikhwalithi yamanzi echibini. Ukukhetha isibulali-magciwane esifanele ngokwezidingo zezimo ezahlukene akugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwekhwalithi yamanzi, kodwa futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Njenge-umenzi wamakhemikhali echibini, sineminyaka eminingi yesipiliyoni. Uma udinga ulwazi olwengeziwe noma ukwesekwa kwesevisi mayelana namakhemikhali echibini, sicela usithinte.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 16-2024