Umehluko kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-cationic, i-anionic ne-nonionic PAM?

I-Polyacrylamide(PAM) iyi-polymer eguquguqukayo esetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni amanzi, ukwenza iphepha, ukukhipha uwoyela neminye imikhakha. Ngokwezakhiwo zayo ze-ionic, i-PAM ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-cationic (Cationic PAM, CPAM), i-anionic (Anionic PAM, APAM) kanye ne-nonionic (Nonionic PAM, NPAM). Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zinomehluko omkhulu ekwakhekeni, ekusebenzeni nasekusetshenzisweni.

1. I-Cationic polyacrylamide (Cationic PAM, CPAM)

Isakhiwo nezakhiwo:

I-Cationic PAM: Yinhlanganisela ye-polymer eqondile. Ngenxa yokuthi inamaqembu ahlukahlukene asebenzayo, ingakha amabhondi e-hydrogen ngezinto eziningi futhi intantise ikakhulukazi ama-colloid anecala elibi. Ifanele ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezine-acidic

Isicelo:

- Ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile: I-CPAM ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile emvelo anecala elibi, njengendle yasemadolobheni, amanzi angcolile okucubungula ukudla, njll. Izindleko ezinhle zingahlangana nezinhlayiya ezimiswe kabi ezikhokhiswe kabi ukuze zenze ama-flocs, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile.

- Imboni yamaphepha: Enqubweni yokwenza iphepha, i-CPAM ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti eqinisayo kanye ne-ejenti yokugcina ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla kanye nezinga lokugcinwa kwephepha.

- Ukukhishwa kukawoyela: Ezindaweni zikawoyela, i-CPAM isetshenziselwa ukwelapha udaka lokumba ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhluzwa nokujiya.

2. I-Anionic polyacrylamide (Anionic PAM, APAM)

Isakhiwo nezakhiwo:

I-Anionic PAM i-polymer encibilika emanzini. Ngokwethula la maqembu e-anionic kumgogodla we-polymer, i-APAM ingasabela ngezinto ezishajwa kahle. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukugeleza, ukuthungatha kanye nokucaciswa kwamanzi angcolile ahlukahlukene ezimbonini. Ifanele ukusetshenziswa ezimeni ezine-alkaline.

Isicelo:

- Ukwelashwa kwamanzi: I-APAM isetshenziswa kabanzi emanzini okuphuza kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini. Ingakwazi ukuminyanisa izinhlayiya ezimisiwe ngokusebenzisa i-neutralization kagesi noma i-adsorption, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukucaca kwamanzi.

- Imboni yamaphepha: Njengosizo lokugcina nokuhlunga, i-APAM ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kokuhlunga kwamanzi kwe-pulp namandla ephepha.

- Imayini kanye Nokugqoka Kwensimbi: Ngesikhathi sokuntanta kanye ne-sedimentation ye-ore, i-APAM ingakhuthaza ukuthungwa kwezinhlayiya ze-ore futhi ithuthukise izinga lokubuyisela i-ore.

- Ukuthuthukiswa Kwenhlabathi: I-APAM ingathuthukisa ukwakheka komhlabathi, inciphise ukuguguleka komhlabathi, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo nokulima.

3. I-Nonionic Polyacrylamide (Nonionic PAM, NPAM)

Isakhiwo Nezakhiwo:

I-Nonionic PAM iyi-polymer yamangqamuzana aphezulu noma i-polyelectrolyte enenani elithile lezakhi zofuzo ze-polar kuchungechunge lwayo lwamangqamuzana. Ingakwazi ukukhangisa izinhlayiya eziqinile ezimiswe emanzini kanye nebhuloho phakathi kwezinhlayiya ukuze zenze ama-floccules amakhulu, isheshise ukuchithwa kwezinhlayiya ekumisweni, isheshise ukucaciswa kwesisombululo, futhi ikhuthaze ukuhlunga. Ayiqukethe amaqembu akhokhisiwe futhi ikakhulukazi yakhiwe amaqembu e-amide. Lesi sakhiwo senza sibonise ukuncibilika okuhle nokuzinza ngaphansi kwezimo ezingathathi hlangothi nezine-asidi ebuthakathaka. I-Nonionic PAM inezici zesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu futhi ayithinteki kakhulu ngenani le-pH.

Isicelo:

- Ukwelashwa Kwamanzi: I-NPAM ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukungcola okuphansi, amanzi ahlanzekile aphezulu, njengamanzi asekhaya namanzi okuphuza. Inzuzo yayo ukuthi inokuvumelana nezimo eziqinile ezinguqukweni zekhwalithi yamanzi kanye ne-pH.

- Imboni yezindwangu nokudaya: Ekucutshungulweni kwezindwangu, i-NPAM isetshenziswa njengesigxivizo nesiqinisi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunamathela kukadayi nokufana kokudaya.

- Imboni ye-Metallurgical: I-NPAM isetshenziswa njengesithambiso nesipholile ekucubunguleni insimbi ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula.

- Ezolimo kanye ne-horticulture: Njengento ethambisa umhlabathi, i-NPAM ingathuthukisa amandla okugcina amanzi enhlabathini futhi ikhuthaze ukukhula kwezitshalo.

I-Cationic, i-anionic ne-nonionic polyacrylamide inezinkambu ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nemiphumela ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo samakhemikhali esiyingqayizivele nezici zokushaja. Ukuqonda nokukhetha okufanelePAMuhlobo lungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nemiphumela ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezimboni ezahlukene.