Umehluko kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-cationic, anionic kanye ne-nonionic PAM？

I-Polyacrylamide(PAM) iyi-polymer eguquguqukayo esetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphatheni amanzi, ekwenzeni iphepha, ekukhipheni uwoyela nakwezinye izinkambu. Ngokwezakhiwo zayo ze-ionic, i-PAM ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-cationic (Cationic PAM, CPAM), i-anionic (Anionic PAM, APAM) kanye ne-nonionic (Nonionic PAM, NPAM). Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zinomehluko omkhulu ngesakhiwo, umsebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa.

1. I-Cationic polyacrylamide (i-Cationic PAM, i-CPAM)

Isakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo:

I-Cationic PAM: I-compound ye-polymer eqondile. Ngenxa yokuthi inezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaqembu asebenzayo, ingakha izibopho ze-hydrogen nezinto eziningi futhi ikakhulukazi i-flocculate negative charge colloids. Ifanele ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ze-acidic

Isicelo:

- Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile: I-CPAM ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile angokwemvelo ashajelwe kabi, njengendle yasemadolobheni, amanzi angcolile okucubungula ukudla, njll. Amashaji amahle angahlangana nezinhlayiya ezilengayo ezishajelwe kabi ukuze zakhe ama-floc, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthazwe ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile.

- Imboni yephepha: Enqubweni yokwenza iphepha, i-CPAM ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuqinisa kanye ne-ejenti yokugcina ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla kanye nezinga lokugcina iphepha.

- Ukukhishwa kwamafutha: Emasimini kawoyela, i-CPAM isetshenziselwa ukwelapha udaka lokubhoboza ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhluzwa nokujiya.

2. I-Anionic polyacrylamide (i-Anionic PAM, i-APAM)

Isakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo:

I-Anionic PAM iyi-polymer encibilika emanzini. Ngokungenisa la maqembu e-anionic kumgogodla we-polymer, i-APAM ingasabela ngezinto ezishajelwe kahle. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekucwilisweni, ekuthuthweni nasekuhlanjululweni kwamanzi angcolile ahlukahlukene ezimbonini. Ifanele ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ze-alkaline.

Isicelo:

- Ukwelashwa kwamanzi: I-APAM isetshenziswa kabanzi emanzini okuphuza kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini. Ingahlanganisa izinhlayiya ezilengayo ngokusebenzisa ukuncishiswa kukagesi noma ukumuncwa, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukucaca kwamanzi.

- Imboni yephepha: Njengosizo lokugcina nokuhlunga, i-APAM ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kokuhlunga amanzi kwe-pulp kanye namandla ephepha.

- Ukumbiwa Nokugcotshwa Kwensimbi: Ngesikhathi sokuntanta kanye nokuthuthwa kwensimbi, i-APAM ingakhuthaza ukuthuthwa kwezinhlayiya zensimbi futhi ithuthukise izinga lokululama kwensimbi.

- Ukuthuthukiswa Komhlabathi: I-APAM ingathuthukisa isakhiwo somhlabathi, inciphise ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezolimo nakwezolimo.

3. I-Nonionic Polyacrylamide (i-Nonionic PAM, i-NPAM)

Isakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo:

I-Nonionic PAM iyi-polymer noma i-polyelectrolyte yama-molecule amaningi enenani elithile lama-polar genes ku-chain yayo yama-molecule. Ingamunca izinhlayiya eziqinile ezilenga emanzini futhi ixhumanise izinhlayiya ukuze zakhe ama-floccules amakhulu, isheshise ukuthungwa kwezinhlayiya ekumisweni, isheshise ukucaciswa kwesisombululo, futhi ikhuthaze ukuhlunga. Ayinawo amaqembu ashajekile futhi yakhiwe kakhulu ngama-amide groups. Lesi sakhiwo senza ibonise ukuncibilika okuhle kanye nokuqina ngaphansi kwezimo ezingathathi hlangothi nezibuthakathaka ze-acidic. I-Nonionic PAM inezici zesisindo sama-molecule aphezulu futhi ayithinteki kakhulu yinani le-pH.

Isicelo:

- Ukwelashwa Kwamanzi: I-NPAM ingasetshenziswa ukwelapha amanzi angcolile kakhulu, ahlanzekile kakhulu, njengamanzi asekhaya namanzi okuphuza. Inzuzo yayo ukuthi iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kakhulu nezinguquko zekhwalithi yamanzi kanye ne-pH.

- Imboni yezindwangu kanye nokudaya: Ekucubungulweni kwezindwangu, i-NPAM isetshenziswa njengesithambisi kanye nesiqinisi ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela kwedayi kanye nokufana kokudayi.

- Imboni yensimbi: I-NPAM isetshenziswa njengesithambisi kanye nesipholile ekucutshungulweni kwensimbi ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula.

- Ezolimo kanye nokulima: Njenge-moisturizer yenhlabathi, i-NPAM ingathuthukisa amandla okugcina amanzi enhlabathi futhi ikhuthaze ukukhula kwezitshalo.

I-Cationic, i-anionic kanye ne-nonionic polyacrylamide inezinkambu zokusetshenziswa ezahlukene kanye nemiphumela ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo samakhemikhali esiyingqayizivele kanye nezici zokushaja. Ukuqonda nokukhetha okufaneleI-PAMuhlobo lungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nemiphumela ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezimboni ezahlukene.