Asebenza kanjani amakhemikhali echibini lokubhukuda?

Amakhemikhali echibini lokubhukudazidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ikhwalithi yamanzi nokuqinisekisa ulwazi lokubhukuda oluphephile nolujabulisayo kubasebenzisi. La makhemikhali asebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene zokubulala amagciwane, ukuhlanza, ukulinganisela amazinga e-pH, nokucacisa amanzi. Nansi incazelo eningiliziwe yokuthi asebenza kanjani:

I-Chlorine:

I-chlorine mhlawumbe iyikhemikhali esetshenziswa kakhulu emachibini okubhukuda ukuze kuhlanzwe amagciwane. Isebenza ngokukhipha i-hypochlorous acid uma incibilikiswa emanzini. I-chlorine iphumelela kakhulu ekubulaleni amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, kanye nolwelwe olukhona emanzini. I-chlorine ingaphinde ixube ukungcola okungokwemvelo okufana nokujuluka, amafutha omzimba, kanye nomchamo, ngaleyo ndlela isuse iphunga elibi futhi igcine amanzi ecacile.

I-bromine:

I-Bromine iyindlela ehlukile ye-chlorine, evame ukusetshenziswa emachibini angaphakathi noma kuma-spa. Njenge-chlorine, i-bromine ikhipha i-hypobromous acid uma incibilikiswa emanzini, esebenza njengesibulala-magciwane esinamandla. I-Bromine ayiguquguquki kakhulu kune-chlorine emazingeni okushisa aphezulu emanzini futhi isebenza kahle ebangeni elibanzi le-pH, okwenza ifaneleke emachibini amancane angaphakathi noma kuma-spa lapho ukuguquguquka kwe-pH kuvame khona.

Izilungisi ze-pH:

Ukugcina izinga le-pH lamanzi echibini kubalulekile ekuhlanzeni kahle nasekuvimbeleni ukucasuka kwesikhumba namehlo. Izilungisi ze-pH ezifana ne-sodium carbonate (pH plus) kanye ne-sodium bisulfate (pH minus) zisetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa noma ukwehlisa i-pH, ngokulandelana. Amazinga e-pH afanele aqinisekisa nokuthi amanye amakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi i-chlorine noma i-bromine, ahlala esebenza kahle.

Izilungisi ze-Alkalinity:

I-alkalinity ephelele ibhekisela ekhonweni lamanzi lokumelana nokushintsha kwe-pH. I-sodium bicarbonate ivame ukusetshenziswa ukwandisa i-alkalinity ephelele emanzini echibi. Amazinga afanele e-alkalinity asiza ekuqiniseni i-pH futhi avimbele ukuguquguquka okusheshayo, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-chlorine noma i-bromine.

Izilungisi Zokuqina Kwe-Calcium:

Ukuqina kwe-calcium kubhekisela ekuqongeleleni kwama-ion e-calcium emanzini. Ukuqina kwe-calcium okuphansi kungaholela ekugqwaleni kwezindawo zamachibi, kuyilapho amazinga aphezulu angabangela ukwakheka kwezikali. I-calcium chloride isetshenziselwa ukulungisa amazinga okuqina kwe-calcium nokugcina ibhalansi yamanzi.

Ama-Algaecides:

Ama-algaecides amakhemikhali aklanyelwe ukuvimbela noma ukulawula ukukhula kwe-algae emachibini okubhukuda. Asebenza ngokuphazamisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli e-algae noma ukuvimbela i-photosynthesis. Ama-algaecides aqukethe ama-quaternary ammonium compounds, ama-compounds asekelwe ethusi, noma amakhemikhali e-polymeric ukuze alwe ngempumelelo ne-algae.

Izichazi:

Amanzi echibini angaba namafu ngenxa yezinhlayiya ezilengayo njengokungcola, uwoyela, noma udoti. Izihlungi zisebenza ngokuhlanganisa lezi zinhlayiya ezincane zibe amaqoqo amakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukuthi uhlelo lokuhlunga luzibambe futhi luzisuse. Izihlungi ze-polyaluminum chloride noma ze-polymeric zivame ukusetshenziswa kule njongo.

Ukwelashwa Kokwethuka:

Ukwelashwa ngokushaqeka kuhilela ukwengeza umthamo ogxile kakhulu we-chlorine noma i-non-chlorine shock ukuze kusheshiswe ukungcoliswa kwezinto eziphilayo futhi kubuyiselwe ukucaca kwamanzi kanye nokuhlanzeka. Le nqubo isiza ekuhlukaniseni ama-chloramine (i-chlorine ehlanganisiwe), isuse amabhaktheriya kanye nolwelwe, futhi ivuselele ukusebenza kahle kwe-chlorine noma i-bromine ejwayelekile.

Ngamafuphi, amakhemikhali echibini lokubhukuda asebenza ngokuhlanganiswa kokubulala amagciwane, ukulawulwa kwe-pH, ukulinganisa amanzi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuhlunga ukuze kugcinwe amanzi ahlanzekile, acacile, futhi aphephile kwababhukudi. Ukuhlolwa njalo kanye nokulinganisa amakhemikhali okufanele kubalulekile ekufinyeleleni ikhwalithi yamanzi efanele kanye nokuvimbela izinkinga ezifana nokukhula kwe-algae, ukungcola kwamagciwane, kanye nomonakalo wemishini.