Amakhemikhali echibi lokubhukudaidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ikhwalithi yamanzi kanye nokuqinisekisa okuhlangenwe nakho kokubhukuda okuphephile nokujabulisayo kubasebenzisi. Lawa makhemikhali asebenza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ukuze abulale amagciwane, ahlanze, alinganise amazinga e-pH, futhi acacise amanzi. Nansi incazelo enemininingwane yokuthi zisebenza kanjani:
I-chlorine mhlawumbe ikhemikhali evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu emachibini okubhukuda ukuze kubulawe amagciwane. Isebenza ngokukhulula i-hypochlorous acid lapho incibilika emanzini. I-chlorine iphumelela kakhulu ekubulaleni amagciwane, amagciwane, nolwelwe olukhona emanzini. I-chlorine ingakwazi futhi ukukhipha ukungcola kwezinto eziphilayo njengokujuluka, amafutha omzimba, nomchamo, ngaleyo ndlela isuse iphunga elibi futhi igcine ukucaca kwamanzi.
I-Bromine:
I-Bromine ingenye ye-chlorine, evame ukusetshenziswa emachibini angaphakathi noma ezipalini. Njenge-chlorine, i-bromine ikhipha i-hypobromous acid lapho incibilika emanzini, esebenza njengesibulala-magciwane esinamandla. I-Bromine ayiguquguquki kancane kune-chlorine emazingeni okushisa aphakeme amanzi futhi iphumelela ngaphezu kwebanga le-pH elibanzi, iyenze ifaneleke amachibi amancane asendlini noma izindawo zokungcebeleka lapho ukushintshashintsha kwe-pH kuvame.
Izilungisi ze-pH:
Ukugcina izinga le-pH lamanzi echibini kubalulekile ukuze kubulawe amagciwane ngempumelelo nokuvimbela ukucasuka kwesikhumba namehlo. Izilungisi ze-pH ezifana ne-sodium carbonate (pH plus) ne-sodium bisulfate (pH minus) zisetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa noma ukwehlisa i-pH, ngokulandelanayo. Amazinga e-pH afanelekile nawo aqinisekisa ukuthi amanye amakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi i-chlorine noma i-bromine, ahlala esebenza kahle.
Izilungisi ze-Alkalinity:
I-alkalinity ephelele ibhekisela emandleni amanzi okumelana nokushintsha kwe-pH. I-sodium bicarbonate ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwandisa i-alkalinity ephelele emanzini echibi. Amazinga e-alkalinity afanele asiza ukuzinzisa i-pH futhi avimbele ukushintshashintsha okusheshayo, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-chlorine noma i-bromine.
Izilungisi zokuqina kweCalcium:
Ubulukhuni be-calcium bubhekisela ekuhlanganiseni kwe-calcium ion emanzini. Ubulukhuni be-calcium obuphansi bungabangela ukugqwala kwezindawo zamachibi, kuyilapho amazinga aphezulu angabangela ukwakheka kwesikali. I-Calcium chloride isetshenziselwa ukulungisa amazinga okuqina kwe-calcium nokugcina ibhalansi yamanzi.
Ama-algaecides angamakhemikhali aklanyelwe ukuvimbela noma ukulawula ukukhula kolwelwe emachibini okubhukuda. Basebenza ngokuphazamisa ulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana e-algae noma bavimbele i-photosynthesis. Ama-algaecides aqukethe izinhlanganisela ze-quaternary ammonium, izinhlanganisela ezisuselwe kwikhopha, noma amakhemikhali e-polymeric ukuze alwe ngempumelelo nolwelwe.
Izicacisi:
Amanzi ephuli angaguqubala ngenxa yezinhlayiya ezimisiwe njengokungcola, amafutha, noma imfucumfucu. Izicacisi zisebenza ngokuhlanganisa lezi zinhlayiya ezincane zibe amaqoqo amakhulu, okwenza kube lula ngesistimu yokuhlunga ukuthi izicuphe futhi izisuse. I-Polyaluminium chloride noma izicacisi ze-polymeric zivame ukusetshenziselwa le njongo.
Ukwelashwa Kokushaqeka:
Ukwelapha ukushaqeka kuhilela ukungeza umthamo ogxile kakhulu we-chlorine noma ukushaqeka okungeyona i-chlorine ukuze kufakwe i-oxidize ngokushesha ukungcola okuphilayo nokubuyisela ukucaca kwamanzi nokukhucululwa kwendle. Le nqubo isiza ukudiliza ama-chloramine (i-chlorine ehlanganisiwe), iqeda amagciwane kanye ne-algae, futhi ivuselela ukusebenza kwe-chlorine evamile noma i-bromine.
Kafushane, amakhemikhali echibi lokubhukuda asebenza ngenhlanganisela yokubulala amagciwane, ukulawulwa kwe-pH, ukulinganisa kwamanzi, nokuthuthukiswa kokuhlunga ukuze kugcinwe amanzi ahlanzekile, acacile, naphephile kubabhukudi. Ukuhlola okuvamile kanye nomthamo wamakhemikhali ofanele kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe izinga eliphezulu lamanzi nokuvimbela izinkinga ezifana nokukhula kolwelwe, ukungcoliswa kwamagciwane, nokulimala kwemishini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-27-2024