Ungawehlulela kanjani umphumela we-flocculation we-PAM ne-PAC

Njenge-coagulant esetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokwelapha amanzi,I-PACibonisa ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kwamakhemikhali ekamelweni lokushisa futhi inobubanzi be-pH yesicelo. Lokhu kuvumela i-PAC ukuthi isabele ngokushesha futhi yakhe izimbali ze-alum lapho yelapha izimfanelo zamanzi ezihlukahlukene, ngaleyo ndlela isuse ngokuphumelelayo ukungcola emanzini. Ekulapheni kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini, i-PAC inomthelela omkhulu ekukhishweni kwezinto eziyingozi njenge-phosphorus, i-ammonia nitrogen, i-COD, i-BOD nama-ion ensimbi esindayo. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kungenxa yekhono eliqinile lokuhlangana kwe-PAC, elikwazi ukujiya lezi zinto eziyingozi zibe yizinhlayiya ezinkulu ngokusebenzisa i-adsorption kanye ne-coiling banding, kube lula ukuxazululeka nokuhlunga okulandelayo.

I-PAM: isikhali esiyimfihlo sokuthuthukisa i-flocculation

Isebenzisana ne-PAC, i-PAM idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile. Njenge-polymer flocculant, i-PAM ingathuthukisa umphumela we-flocculation ngokulungisa isisindo sayo samangqamuzana, ionicity kanye ne-ionic degree. I-PAM ingenza ama-flocs ahlangane kakhudlwana futhi akhulise isivinini se-sedimentation, ngaleyo ndlela athuthukise ukucaca kwamanzi. Uma umthamo we-PAM unganele noma udlulele, ama-flocs angase axege, okubangele ikhwalithi yamanzi angcolile.

Ukwahlulela ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwe-PAC ne-PAM ngokusebenzisa izimo ze-floc

Qaphela usayizi wama-flocs: Uma ama-flocs emincane kodwa asakazwa ngokulinganayo, kusho ukuthi isilinganiso somthamo we-PAM ne-PAC asihlanganiswa. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela, umthamo we-PAC kufanele unyuswe ngendlela efanele.

Linganisa umthelela we-sedimentation: Uma izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe zinkulu futhi umphumela wokudiliza umuhle, kodwa i-supernatant yekhwalithi yamanzi iyibhuqu, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi i-PAC ayengeziwe ngokwanele noma isilinganiso se-PAM asifanelekile. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungacabangela ukukhulisa umthamo we-PAC kuyilapho ugcina ingxenye ye-PAM ingashintshiwe futhi uqhubeke nokubona umphumela.

Qaphela i-morphology ye-flocs: Uma ama-flocs ewugqinsi kodwa amanzi e-turbid, umthamo we-PAM ungandiswa ngokufanelekile; uma i-sediment incane futhi i-supernatant ine-turbid, kubonisa ukuthi umthamo we-PAM awanele, futhi umthamo wayo kufanele ukhuliswe ngokufanelekile.

Ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kwembiza (okubizwa nangokuthi i-beaker experiment): Ekuhlolweni kwembiza, uma kutholakala ukungcola odongeni lwebhekha, kusho ukuthi i-PAM eningi yengezwe. Ngakho-ke, umthamo wayo kufanele wehliswe ngendlela efanele.

Ukuhlolwa kokucaca: Uma okuqinile okumisiwe kulungile noma kumaholoholo, uma i-supernatant icace kakhulu, kusho ukuthi isilinganiso somthamo we-PAM ne-PAC sinengqondo kakhulu.

Ngamafuphi, ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle kakhulu we-flocculation, umthamo we-PAC ne-PAM kufanele ulawulwe ngokucophelela futhi ulungiswe. Ngokubuka nokuhlola, singakwazi ukwahlulela ngokunembe kakhudlwana umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwakho kokubili, ngaleyo ndlela sithuthukise inqubo yokuhlanza indle. Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kubhekwe kabanzi izimo ezithile zekhwalithi yamanzi, izidingo zokwelashwa, imingcele yezinto zokusebenza nezinye izici ukuze wenze uhlelo lomuntu siqu lokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ngokwanele ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa kanye nokulungiswa kwe-PAC ne-PAM ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwezidakamizwa.