Iyini i-Polyacrylamide esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwamanzi?

I-Polyacrylamide(PAM) iyi-polymer enesisindo samangqamuzana esetshenziswa kabanzi ezinqubweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Inezinhlobonhlobo zezisindo zamangqamuzana, ama-ionicities, kanye nezakhiwo ukuze ivumelane nezimo ezihlukene zokusetshenziswa futhi ingenziwa ngokwezifiso ngezimo ezikhethekile. Ngokusebenzisa i-neutralization kagesi kanye ne-polymer adsorption kanye ne-bridging, i-PAM ingakhuthaza ukuhlanganisana okusheshayo kanye ne-sedimentation yezinhlayiya ezimisiwe, ithuthukise ikhwalithi yamanzi. Lesi sihloko sizocubungula izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile kanye nomthelela we-PAM ekwelashweni kwamanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.

Ekulapheni indle yasekhaya, i-PAM isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukucwiliswa kwe-flocculation sedimentation kanye nokukhipha amanzi ngodaka. Ngokunciphisa izakhiwo zikagesi nokusebenzisa imiphumela yokuvala ibhuloho ekhangayo, i-PAM ingasheshisa ukuhlangana kwezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe emanzini ukuze zenze ama-flocs ezinhlayiya ezinkulu. Lawa ma-flocs kulula ukuxazululwa nokuhlunga, ngaleyo ndlela asuse ngempumelelo ukungcola emanzini futhi afeze inhloso yokuhlanza ikhwalithi yamanzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-PAM kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwendle futhi kunciphise izindleko zokwelashwa.

Emkhakheni wokwenza iphepha, i-PAM isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njengosizo lokugcina, usizo lokuhlunga, i-disperant, njll. Ngokungeza i-PAM, izinga lokugcinwa kwama-fillers kanye nemicu emihle ephepheni lingathuthukiswa, kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, nokuthuthukisa. ukuhlunga nokusebenza kokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kwe-pulp. Ukwengeza, i-PAM ingasebenza njenge-non-silicon polymer stabilizer enqubweni yokuhlanza, ithuthukise ubumhlophe nokukhanya kwephepha.

Ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile esitshalweni sotshwala,PAMisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko enqubweni yokuqeda amanzi ngodaka. Ukuze uthole izinqubo zokukhiqiza utshwala ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukene kanye nezinqubo zokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile, kubalulekile ukukhetha i-cationic polyacrylamide ene-ioncity efanele nesisindo samangqamuzana. Ukuhlolwa kokukhetha ngokuhlolwa kwe-beaker kungenye yezindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa.

Amanzi angcolile okudla, anento yawo ephezulu yezinto eziphilayo nokuqukethwe okuqinile okumisiwe, adinga izindlela zokwelashwa ezifanele. Indlela yendabuko ibandakanya ukubola komzimba kanye nokuvutshelwa kwe-biochemical. Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, ama-polymer flocculants ngokuvamile ayadingeka ukuze kukhishwe udaka kanye neminye imisebenzi yokwelapha. Iningi lama-flocculants asetshenziswa kule nqubo yimikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-cationic polyacrylamide. Ukukhetha umkhiqizo ofanele we-polyacrylamide kudinga ukucabangela umthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu (izinga lokushisa) ekukhethweni kwe-flocculant, ukukhetha isisindo esifanele samangqamuzana kanye nenani lokushaja ngokusekelwe kusayizi we-floc odingwa inqubo yokwelashwa, nezinye izici. Ukwengeza, kufanele kuqashelwe izindaba ezifana nenqubo nezidingo zemishini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-flocculants.

Emanzini angcolile kagesi kanye ne-electroplating, i-PAM isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-I-Flocculantkanye ne-precipitant. Ngokunciphisa izakhiwo zikagesi nokusebenzisa imiphumela yokuvala amabhuloho, i-PAM ingahlanganisa ngokushesha futhi ixazulule ama-ion ensimbi esindayo emanzini angcolile. Kule nqubo, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwengeza i-sulfuric acid emanzini angcolile ukuze ulungise inani le-pH libe ngu-2-3 bese wengeza i-ejenti yokunciphisa. Kuthangi lokusabela elilandelayo, sebenzisa i-NaOH noma i-Ca(OH)2 ukuze ulungise inani le-pH libe ngu-7-8 ukuze ukhiqize izimvula ezi-Cr(OH)3. Bese wengeza i-coagulant ukuze imvula futhi ususe i-Cr(OH)3. Ngalezi zinqubo zokwelashwa, i-PAM isiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile nge-elekthronikhi kanye ne-electroplating futhi inciphise ukulimala kwama-ion ensimbi esindayo emvelweni.