I-Polyacrylamide(PAM) iyi-polymer enesisindo esikhulu sama-molecule esetshenziswa kabanzi ezinqubweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene. Inezinhlobo ezahlukene zesisindo sama-molecule, ama-ionities, kanye nezakhiwo ezifanela izimo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa futhi ingenziwa ngokwezifiso ngezimo ezikhethekile. Ngokusebenzisa ukungathathi hlangothi kukagesi kanye nokumuncwa kwe-polymer kanye nokubopha, i-PAM ingakhuthaza ukuhlangana okusheshayo kanye nokuthuthwa kwezinhlayiya ezilengayo, kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yamanzi. Lesi sihloko sizogxila ekusetshenzisweni okuthile kanye nemiphumela ye-PAM ekuphathweni kwamanzi emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene.
Ekuhlanzweni kwendle yasekhaya, i-PAM isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthweni kwendle kanye nokususwa kwamanzi odakeni. Ngokunciphisa izakhiwo zikagesi nokusebenzisa imiphumela yokuhlanganisa amanzi, i-PAM ingasheshisa ukuhlangana kwezinto eziqinile ezilenga emanzini ukuze zakhe ama-floc ezinhlayiya ezinkulu. La ma-floc kulula ukuwahlanza nokuwahlunga, ngaleyo ndlela asuse ukungcola emanzini ngempumelelo futhi afeze injongo yokuhlanza ikhwalithi yamanzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-PAM kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwendle futhi kunciphise izindleko zokwelashwa.
Emkhakheni wokwenza iphepha, i-PAM isetshenziswa kakhulu njengesizo sokugcina, isizo lokuhlunga, isisabalalisi, njll. Ngokufaka i-PAM, izinga lokugcina lama-fillers kanye nemicu emincane ephepheni lingathuthukiswa, kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokuhlunga kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kwe-pulp. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PAM ingasebenza njengesizinzisi se-polymer esingeyona i-silicon enkambisweni yokumhlopheza, kuthuthukiswe ubumhlophe nokukhanya kwephepha.
Ekuphathweni kwamanzi angcolile ezitshalweni zotshwala,I-PAMisetshenziswa kakhulu enqubweni yokuphelelwa amanzi kodaka. Ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza utshwala ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukene kanye nezinqubo zokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, kubalulekile ukukhetha i-cationic polyacrylamide ene-ionicity efanele kanye nesisindo sama-molecule. Ukuhlolwa kokukhetha ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zokuhlola ze-beaker kungenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.
Amanzi angcolile okudla, anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, adinga izindlela ezifanele zokwelapha. Indlela yendabuko ihilela ukuthungwa komzimba kanye nokubiliswa kwamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo, ama-polymer flocculants avame ukudingeka ekuphelelweni amanzi odakeni kanye neminye imisebenzi yokwelapha. Iningi lama-flocculants asetshenziswa kule nqubo yimikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-cationic polyacrylamide. Ukukhetha umkhiqizo we-polyacrylamide ofanele kudinga ukucabangela umthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu (izinga lokushisa) ekukhetheni i-flocculant, ukukhetha isisindo sama-molecule esifanele kanye nenani lokushaja ngokusekelwe kusayizi we-floc odingekayo yinqubo yokwelapha, kanye nezinye izici. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kunikezwe ukunakwa ezindabeni ezifana nezidingo zenqubo kanye nemishini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-flocculants.
Emanzini angcolile kagesi kanye namanzi acwebezelayo, i-PAM isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-I-Flocculantkanye ne-precipitant. Ngokunciphisa izakhiwo zikagesi nokusebenzisa imiphumela yokuhlanganisa i-adsorbing, i-PAM ingahlangana ngokushesha futhi ihlalise ama-ion ensimbi esindayo emanzini angcolile. Kule nqubo, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwengeza i-sulfuric acid emanzini angcolile ukuze ulungise inani le-pH libe ngu-2-3 bese ufaka i-reducing agent. Ethangini elilandelayo lokusabela, sebenzisa i-NaOH noma i-Ca(OH)2 ukuze ulungise inani le-pH libe ngu-7-8 ukuze ukhiqize ama-precipitate e-Cr(OH)3. Bese ufaka i-coagulant ukuze unciphise futhi ususe i-Cr(OH)3. Ngalezi zinqubo zokwelapha, i-PAM isiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile nge-elekthronikhi kanye ne-electroplating futhi kunciphise ukulimala kwama-ion ensimbi esindayo emvelweni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-04-2024