Izinkomba ezintathu udinga ukunaka lapho ukhetha uPam

Polycrylamide(UPam) yi-organic polymer flocculant esetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamanzi. Izinkomba zezobuchwepheshe zePam zifaka i-Ionicity, i-Hydrolysis degree, isisindo se-molecular, njll. Lezi zinkomba zinomthelela omkhulu emphumeleni we-floccation of ukwelashwa kwamanzi. Ukuqonda lezi zinkomba kuzokusiza ukhethe ngokushesha imikhiqizo ye-PAM ethola imininingwane efanele.

Ubuqili

I-Loninity isho ukuthi i-pam molecular chain ithwala amacala amahle noma amabi. Izinga le-Ionization linomthelela omkhulu emphumeleni we-floccation lokwelashwa kwamanzi. Ngokuvamile, kuphakama i-ionicity, kungcono umphumela we-floccution. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaketanga ama-molecular ama-molecular amaningi aphethe amacala amaningi futhi angakwazi ukudonsa kangcono izinhlayiya ezimisiwe, ezibenza bahlangane ndawonye ukwakha ama-flocs amakhulu.

I-PolyAcrylamide ikakhulukazi ihlukaniswe nge-anionic (Apam), i-CAMIC (CPAM), nezinhlobo ezingezona ze-Ionic (NPAM) ezisuselwa ku-Ionicity yazo. Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zikaPam zinemiphumela ehlukile. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo, i-Ionicity efanelekile idinga ukukhethwa ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nenani le-PH ye-PH VASHERION Isibonelo, kumanzi angcolile we-acidic, uPam onama-catiocity aphezulu kufanele akhethwe; Okwe-Alkaline Wastewater, uPam one-anionicicity ephakeme kufanele akhethwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufeza umphumela ongcono we-floccation, kungatholakala futhi ngokuxuba uPam ngama-ionic degree ahlukene.

Degree of hydrolysis (for apam)

Izinga le-hydrolysis kaPam libhekisela ezingeni le-hydrolysis yamaqembu amide kumaketanga awo amangqamuzana. Izinga le-hydrolysis lingahlukaniswa ngezinga eliphansi, eliphakathi nendawo, neliphezulu le-hydrolysis. UPam onamazinga ahlukene we-hydrolysis anezakhiwo ezihlukile nokusebenzisa.

I-Pam ene-degree ephansi ye-hydrolysis isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuqina nokuzinza. Kwenyusa ukubonakala kwesixazululo, okuvumela izinhlayiya ezimisiwe zihlakaze kangcono. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ku-drive fluid, ukumboza, kanye nemboni yokudla.

I-Pam nge-medium degree of hydrolysis inomphumela omuhle we-floccution futhi ilungele ukwelashwa okuhlukahlukene kwekhwalithi yamanzi. Ingahlanganisa izinhlayiya ezimisiwe zokwakha ama-flocs amakhulu nge-adsorption kanye ne-bridging, ngaleyo ndlela kufinyelele ekuxazululeni ngokushesha. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yokwelashwa kwendle yasemadolobheni, ukwelashwa kwamanzi okugeza izimboni, kanye nomoya we-sludge dehydration.

UPam onesilinganiso esiphakeme se-hydrolysis unekhono eliqinile le-adsorption kanye namakhono okuhlobisa futhi kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekuphrintiwe nasekudayiweni kwamanzi amdaka kanye neminye imikhakha. Ingasebenza ngempumelelo i-ADDORB futhi ikhiphe izinto eziyingozi kumanzi amdaka, njengedayi, izinsimbi ezisindayo, kanye nento ephilayo, ngokusebenzisa amacala namaqembu akwa-adsorption ku-polymer chain.

Isisindo molecular

Isisindo se-molecular sikaPam sisho ubude be-chain yamangqamuzana. Ngokuvamile, isisindo se-molecular isisindo, umphumela ongcono we-floccution kaPam. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isisindo esiphakeme se-molecular pam singakwazi ama-adsorb ahlele izinhlayiya, ezibenza bahlangane ndawonye ukwakha ama-flocs amakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, uPam ophakeme we-molecular pam une-bonding engcono kanye namakhono okubopha, angathuthukisa amandla nokuqina kwe-floc.

Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo, isisindo se-pam esisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwendle emadolobheni kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi ezimboni kudinga izidingo eziphakeme, ngokuvamile zisukela ezigidini kuya kumashumi ezigidi. Izidingo zesisindo ze-molecular ze-pam ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokuphelelwa ngamasu kwaphansi ziphansi, ngokuvamile zisukela ezigidini kuya kumashumi ezigidi.

Ekuphetheni, izinkomba ezinjenge-Ionicity, iziqu ze-hydrolysis, kanye nesisindo samangqamuzana ziyinto ebalulekile ethinta umphumela wohlelo lokusebenza lwe-pam ekwelashweni kwamanzi. Lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo ye-PAM, kufanele ubheke kahle ikhwalithi yamanzi bese ukhetha ngokwezinkomba zobuchwepheshe be-PAM ukuthola umphumela omuhle kakhulu we-floccation, uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle, kanye nekhwalithi yokwelashwa kwamanzi.