Izinkomba ezintathu okudingeka uzinake lapho ukhetha i-PAM

I-Polyacrylamide(PAM) iyi-organic polymer flocculant esetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamanzi. Izinkomba zobuchwepheshe ze-PAM zifaka phakathi i-ionicity, izinga le-hydrolysis, isisindo sama-molecule, njll. Lezi zinkomba zinomthelela omkhulu emphumeleni we-flocculation wokwelashwa kwamanzi. Ukuqonda lezi zinkomba kuzokusiza ukuthi ukhethe ngokushesha imikhiqizo ye-PAM ngezincazelo ezifanele.

Ubudedengu

I-Lonicity ibhekisela ekutheni uchungechunge lwama-molecule e-PAM luthwala yini amacala amahle noma amabi. Izinga le-ionization linomthelela omkhulu emphumeleni we-flocculation wokwelashwa kwamanzi. Ngokuvamile, uma i-ionity iphakeme, kulapho umphumela we-flocculation uba ngcono khona. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaketanga ama-molecule e-PAM anamandla kakhulu athwala amacala amaningi futhi angamunca kangcono izinhlayiya ezilengisiwe, okubangela ukuba zihlangane ndawonye ukuze zakhe ama-floc amakhulu.

I-Polyacrylamide ihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezinhlobo ze-anionic (APAM), i-cationic (CPAM), kanye nezinhlobo ezingezona i-ionic (NPAM) ngokusekelwe ku-ionicity yazo. Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu ze-PAM zinemiphumela ehlukene. Ekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo, i-ionicity efanele idinga ukukhethwa ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nenani le-pH lamanzi aphathwe, i-electronegativity, kanye nokuhlushwa kwezinhlayiya ezilengayo. Isibonelo, emanzini angcolile ane-acidic, i-PAM ene-cationionicity ephezulu kufanele ikhethwe; emanzini angcolile ane-alkaline, i-PAM ene-anionicity ephezulu kufanele ikhethwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kufezwe umphumela ongcono we-flocculation, ingatholakala futhi ngokuxuba i-PAM nama-ionic degrees ahlukene.

Izinga le-Hydrolysis (le-APAM)

Izinga le-hydrolysis le-PAM libhekisela ezingeni le-hydrolysis yamaqembu e-amide ku-molecule chain yayo. Izinga le-hydrolysis lingahlukaniswa ngama-degree aphansi, aphakathi, kanye naphezulu e-hydrolysis. I-PAM enamazinga ahlukene e-hydrolysis inezakhiwo ezahlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa.

I-PAM enezinga eliphansi le-hydrolysis isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqiniseni nasekuqiniseni. Yandisa ukujiya kwesisombululo, ivumela izinhlayiya ezilengisiwe ukuba zihlakazeke kangcono. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekubholeni uketshezi, ekumbozeni, nasembonini yokudla.

I-PAM enezinga eliphakathi le-hydrolysis inomphumela omuhle wokugobhoza futhi ifanelekela ukwelashwa okuhlukahlukene kwekhwalithi yamanzi. Ingahlanganisa izinhlayiya ezilengayo ukuze zakhe ama-floc amakhulu ngokumuncwa nokubopha, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelele ukuxazululwa okusheshayo. Isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yokwelashwa kwendle yasemadolobheni, ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka ezimbonini, kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi kodaka.

I-PAM enezinga eliphezulu le-hydrolysis inamandla amakhulu okumunca nokususa umbala futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuphrinteni nasekudayeni ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka kanye neminye imikhakha. Ingamunca futhi isuse ngempumelelo izinto eziyingozi emanzini amdaka, njengodayi, izinsimbi ezisindayo, nezinto eziphilayo, ngokusebenzisa amashaja namaqembu okumunca kuchungechunge lwe-polymer.

Isisindo sama-molecule

Isisindo sama-molecule se-PAM sibhekisela ebudeni bochungechunge lwayo lwama-molecule. Ngokuvamile, uma isisindo sama-molecule siphakeme, umphumela we-flocculation we-PAM uba ngcono. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-PAM enesisindo sama-molecule aphezulu ingamunca kangcono izinhlayiya ezilengayo, okubangela ukuba zihlangane ndawonye ukuze zakhe ama-floc amakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-PAM enesisindo sama-molecule aphezulu inamakhono okubopha nokubopha angcono, okungathuthukisa amandla nokuzinza kwe-floc.

Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, isisindo sama-molecule se-PAM esisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwendle yasemadolobheni kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka ezimbonini sidinga izidingo eziphakeme, ngokuvamile zisukela ezigidini kuya emashumini ezigidi. Izidingo zesisindo sama-molecule se-PAM ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokuphelelwa amanzi odakeni ziphansi kakhulu, ngokuvamile zisukela ezigidini kuya emashumini ezigidi.

Ekuphetheni, izinkomba ezifana ne-ionicity, izinga le-hydrolysis, kanye nesisindo sama-molecule yizici ezibalulekile ezithinta umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwe-PAM ekuphathweni kwamanzi. Lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo ye-PAM, kufanele ucabangele ngokuphelele ikhwalithi yamanzi bese ukhetha ngokwezinkomba zobuchwepheshe ze-PAM ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle kakhulu we-flocculation, uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle, kanye nekhwalithi yokwelashwa kwamanzi.