Izinkomba ezintathu okudingeka uzinake lapho ukhetha i-PAM

I-Polyacrylamide(PAM) i-organic polymer flocculant esetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokwelapha amanzi. Izinkomba zobuchwepheshe ze-PAM zifaka i-ioncity, i-hydrolysis degree, isisindo samangqamuzana, njll. Lezi zinkomba zinomthelela obalulekile kumphumela we-flocculation wokwelashwa kwamanzi. Ukuqonda lezi zinkomba kuzokusiza ukuthi ukhethe ngokushesha imikhiqizo ye-PAM enezincazelo ezifanele.

Lonicity

I-Lonicity isho ukuthi uchungechunge lwemolekyuli ye-PAM lunezindleko ezinhle noma ezingezinhle yini. Izinga le-ionization linomthelela omkhulu kumphumela we-flocculation wokwelashwa kwamanzi. Ngokuvamile, ukuphakama kwe-ioncity, kuba ngcono umphumela we-flocculation. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaketanga emolekyuli e-PAM ane-ionic kakhulu athwala amashaji amaningi futhi angakwazi ukumunca kangcono izinhlayiya ezimisiwe, azenze zihlangane zenze ama-flocs amakhulu.

I-Polyacrylamide ihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezinhlobo ze-anionic (APAM), cationic (CPAM), kanye ne-non-ionic (NPAM) ngokusekelwe ku-ionicity yazo. Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu ze-PAM zinemiphumela ehlukile. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo, i-ionicity efanelekile idinga ukukhethwa ngokusekelwe kuzinto ezifana nenani le-pH lamanzi asetshenzisiwe, amandla e-electronegativity, nokugxilwa kwezinhlayiya ezimisiwe. Isibonelo, emanzini angcolile ane-acidic, i-PAM ene-cationicity ephakeme kufanele ikhethwe; emanzini angcolile ane-alkali, i-PAM ene-anionicity ephakeme kufanele ikhethwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela ongcono we-flocculation, kungabuye kufezwe ngokuxuba i-PAM namadigri e-ionic ahlukene.

I-Degree ye-Hydrolysis (ye-APAM)

Izinga le-hydrolysis ye-PAM lisho izinga le-hydrolysis yamaqembu e-amide kuketango layo lamangqamuzana. Izinga le-hydrolysis lingahlukaniswa ngamadigri aphansi, aphakathi, naphezulu e-hydrolysis. I-PAM enamadigri ahlukene we-hydrolysis inezakhiwo ezihlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa.

I-PAM enezinga eliphansi le-hydrolysis isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuqina nokuqiniswa. Yandisa i-viscosity yesisombululo, ivumela izinhlayiya ezimisiwe ukuba zihlakaze kangcono. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekubholeni uketshezi, okokugqoka kanye nasembonini yokudla.

I-PAM enezinga eliphakathi le-hydrolysis inomphumela omuhle we-flocculation futhi ifanele ukwelashwa okuhlukahlukene kwekhwalithi yamanzi. Ingakwazi ukuhlanganisa izinhlayiya ezimisiwe ukuze yenze ama-flocs amakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-adsorption kanye namabhuloho, ngaleyo ndlela izuze ukuxazulula ngokushesha. Isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yokuhlanza indle yasemadolobheni, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini, kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi ngodaka.

I-PAM enezinga eliphezulu le-hydrolysis inamakhono aqinile wokukhangisa kanye ne-decolorization futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile nezinye izinkambu. Ingakwazi ukukhangisa futhi isuse izinto eziyingozi emanzini angcolile, njengodayi, izinsimbi ezisindayo, nezinto eziphilayo, ngamashaji namaqembu e-adsorption ochungechungeni lwe-polymer.

Isisindo samangqamuzana

Isisindo samangqamuzana e-PAM sibhekisela kubude beketango layo lamangqamuzana. Ngokuvamile, ukuphakama kwesisindo samangqamuzana, kuba ngcono umphumela we-PAM we-flocculation. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-PAM enesisindo esikhulu samangqamuzana ingakwazi ukukhangisa kangcono izinhlayiya ezimisiwe, izenze zihlangane ukuze zenze ama-flocs amakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-PAM yesisindo esiphezulu se-molecular inamakhono angcono okubopha kanye namabhuloho, angathuthukisa amandla nokuzinza kwe-floc.

Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, isisindo samangqamuzana e-PAM esisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza indle yasemadolobheni kanye nokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ezimbonini kudinga izidingo eziphakeme, ngokuvamile ezisukela ezigidini kuya emashumini ezigidi. Izidingo zesisindo samangqamuzana e-PAM esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokuphelelwa amanzi ngodaka ziphansi kakhulu, ngokuvamile zisuka ezigidini kuya emashumini ezigidi.

Ekuphetheni, izinkomba ezifana ne-ionicity, i-hydrolysis degree, nesisindo samangqamuzana yizici ezibalulekile ezithinta umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwe-PAM ekwelapheni kwamanzi. Lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo ye-PAM, kufanele ucabangele ngokuphelele ikhwalithi yamanzi bese ukhetha ngokuya ngezinkomba zobuchwepheshe ze-PAM ukuze uthole umphumela ongcono kakhulu we-flocculation, uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle, kanye nekhwalithi yokwelashwa kwamanzi.