Amakhemikhali Echibi Lokubhukuda - Okudingeka Ukwazi
Ehlobo elishisayo, ukubhukuda sekuyinto yokuqala yokukhetha imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa. Akugcini nje ngokuletha ukuphola nenjabulo, kodwa futhi kusiza abantu bahlale bephilile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukulungiswa kwechibi kubaluleke kakhulu, okuhlobene ngqo nokuphepha kwamanzi echibi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemishini. Lesi sihloko sinikeza uchungechunge lwezixazululo zobungcweti neziphelele zezinkinga ezivamile ekunakekelweni kwechibi, ezenzelwe ukusiza abaphathi bamachibi nababhukudi ukuthi babhekane kalula nalezi zinkinga futhi bajabulele indawo yokubhukuda ehlanzekile, ephephile futhi ekhululekile.
Ngaphambi kwesihloko, ake sibheke eminye imiqondo ebalulekile ezosisiza siqonde okulandelayo.
Okuqukethwe kwe-Chlorine Okutholakalayo:Kubhekisela enanini le-chlorine i-chloride engayixuba, ngokuvamile ngesimo sephesenti, elihlobene nokusebenza kahle kanye nekhono lokubulala amagciwane lama-disinfectants.
I-Chlorine yamahhala (FC) kanye ne-Chlorine ehlanganisiwe (CC):I-chlorine yamahhala iyi-asidi noma i-hypochlorite yamahhala, cishe ayinaphunga, futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu ekubulaleni amagciwane; I-chlorine ehlanganisiwe iyimpendulo ene-nitrogen ye-ammonia, njengomjuluko nomchamo, ukuze ikhiqize i-chloramine, ayigcini nje ngokuba nephunga elinamandla elicasulayo, kodwa futhi inamandla amancane okubulala amagciwane. Uma kungekho chlorine eyanele kanye nezinga eliphezulu le-nitrogen ye-ammonia, i-chlorine ehlanganisiwe izokwakheka.
I-Cyanuric Acid (i-CYA):I-CYA, nayo eqinisa ichibi, ingagcina i-hypochlorous acid izinzile echibini futhi ivimbele ukubola kwayo ngokushesha ngaphansi kwelanga, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ukuqina komphumela wokubulala amagciwane. Lokhu kungavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhula kwamagciwane kanye nolwelwe, futhi kugcine amanzi ehlanzekile futhi ehlanzekile. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga le-CYA. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amazinga e-CYA akufanele adlule ku-100 ppm.
Ukushaqeka kwe-Chlorine:Ngokwandisa i-chlorine echibini, izinga le-chlorine emanzini lizokhuphuka ngokushesha ngesikhathi esifushane ukuze kufezwe ukubulala amagciwane ngokushesha, ukubulala amagciwane noma ukuxazulula izinkinga zekhwalithi yamanzi.
Manje, sizoxoxa ngokusemthethweni ngendlela yokuxazulula izinkinga ekunakekelweni kwechibi.
Amakhemikhali Echibi -- Isihluthulelo Sokugcina Ikhwalithi Yamanzi Echibi
>1.1 Isihlanzisi-magciwane sechibi lokubhukuda -- Sibulala amagciwane namagciwane
Ikhwalithi yamanzi ephelele idinga ukuhlanzeka okuhle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ababhukudi ngeke bathelele izifo ezibangelwa amanzi. Ukusebenzisa kahle izibulali-magciwane kungaqinisekisa lokhu. Ngokuvamile, ukubulala amagciwane nge-chlorine, ukubulala amagciwane nge-bromine kanye nokubulala amagciwane nge-PHMB kuyizindlela ezivamile zokubulala amagciwane emachibini okubhukuda.
1.1.1 Ukubulala amagciwane nge-Chlorine
Ukubulala amagciwane nge-chlorine emachibini okubhukuda kuyindlela evamile nephumelelayo yokwelapha ikhwalithi yamanzi. I-chlorine emanzini izokhiqiza i-hypochlorous acid, engabhubhisa isakhiwo samaseli amabhaktheriya, amagciwane kanye nezinye izinto ezincane, ukuze kufezwe ukubulala amagciwane. Amakhemikhali e-chlorine asetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe yi-Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate, i-Trichloroisocyanuric Acid kanye ne-Calcium Hypochlorite.
- I-Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate, kanye ne-SIDC noma i-NaDCC, iyisibulali-magciwane esisebenza kahle kakhulu, ngokuvamile kuma-granules amhlophe. Iqukethe i-chlorine etholakalayo engu-55%-60%, engabulala ngempumelelo amabhaktheriya, amagciwane kanye nolwelwe, inikeze indawo yokubhukuda ephephile nenempilo. I-SDIC ayiphephile nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ingagcinwa isikhathi eside, isebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Ngenxa yokuthi i-SDIC inokuncibilika okuphezulu kanye nesilinganiso sokuncibilika okusheshayo, ingasetshenziswa kahle ekwelashweni kokushaqeka kwechibi lokubhukuda, okwamanje, ayinawo umthelela omkhulu ezingeni le-pH lamachibi okubhukuda. Futhi i-SDIC iyi-chlorine eqinile, ngakho-ke ayidingi ukwengeza i-CYA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ejenti ekhipha amanzi ingangezwa ku-SDIC ukwenza amaphilisi e-effervescent, anesilinganiso sokuncibilika esiphezulu kakhulu kunamaphilisi e-SDIC ahlanzekile, futhi angasetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni amagciwane ekhaya.
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- I-Trichloroisocyanuric Acid (TCCA)futhi iyisibulali-magciwane esisebenza kahle kakhulu, esiqukethe kufika ku-90% we-chlorine etholakalayo. Njenge-SDIC, i-TCCA iyi-chlorine eqinile engadingi i-CYA uma isetshenziswa emachibini, kodwa izokwehlisa izinga le-pH lamanzi echibi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-TCCA inokuncibilika okuphansi kanye nesilinganiso sokuncibilika kancane, ivame ukuba ngesimo samathebulethi futhi isetshenziswe kuma-feeder noma kuma-dispenser. Kodwa ngenxa yalesi sici, i-TCCA ingakhipha njalo nangokuqhubekayo i-hypochlorous acid emanzini, ukuze igcine ichibi lihlanzekile futhi umphumela wokubulala amagciwane isikhathi eside. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-TCCA ingenziwa amathebulethi anemisebenzi eminingi anezakhiwo ezilinganiselwe zokucacisa nokubulala ulwelwe.
I-Calcium Hypochlorite, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-CHC, inhlanganisela engaphili ngendlela yezinhlayiya ezimhlophe kuya kwezimhlophe, ingenye yezibulala-magciwane ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekunakekelweni kwechibi. Okuqukethwe kwayo kwe-chlorine okutholakalayo kungu-65% noma u-70%. Ngokungafani ne-SDIC ne-TCCA, i-CHC ayizinzile futhi ayikhulisi izinga le-CYA echibini. Ngakho-ke uma kunenkinga enkulu yekhwalithi yamanzi okudingeka ixazululwe kanye nezinga eliphezulu le-CYA echibini, i-CHC iyisinqumo esihle sokushaqeka kwechibi. I-CHC iyinkinga kakhulu kunokusebenzisa ezinye izibulala-magciwane ze-chlorine. Ngenxa yokuthi i-CHC iqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezinganyibiliki, idinga ukuncibilikiswa futhi icaciswe ngaphambi kokuba ithululwe echibini.
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1.1.2 Ukubulala amagciwane nge-bromine
Ukubulala amagciwane nge-bromine kuye kwathandwa nasekunakekelweni kwamachibi ngenxa yomphumela wayo wokubulala amagciwane omnene nohlala isikhathi eside. I-Bromine ikhona emanzini ngesimo se-HBrO kanye ne-bromine ion (Br-), lapho i-HBrO inomswakama oqinile futhi ingabulala ngempumelelo amagciwane, amagciwane kanye nezinye izinto ezincane. I-Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin iyikhemikhali evame ukusetshenziswa ekubulaleni amagciwane nge-bromine.
I-Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin (BCDMH), uhlobo lwezindleko eziphezulu zesibulali-magciwane se-bromine, ngokuvamile kumaphilisi amhlophe, sine-chlorine engu-28% etholakalayo kanye ne-bromine engu-60% etholakalayo. Ngenxa yokuncibilika kwayo okuphansi kanye nesilinganiso sokuncibilika kancane, i-BCDMH ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokugeza kanye namabhavu ashisayo. Kodwa-ke, i-BCDMH bromine inephunga eliphansi kune-chlorine, ngakho-ke inciphisa ukucasuka kwamehlo nesikhumba sababhukudi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-BCDMH izinzile kahle emanzini futhi ayithinteki kalula yi-pH, i-ammonia nitrogen kanye namazinga e-CYA, okuqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kwayo kokubulala amagciwane. Ngenxa yokuthi i-bromine ngeke izinziswe yi-CYA, qaphela ukuthi ungayisebenzisi emachibini okubhukuda angaphandle.
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1.1.3 PHMB / PHMG
I-PHMB, uketshezi olusobala olungenambala noma inhlayiya emhlophe, isimo sayo esiqinile sincibilika kakhulu emanzini. Ukusebenzisa i-PHMB, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukhiqizi iphunga le-bromine, ukugwema ukucasuka kwesikhumba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akudingeki ucabangele inkinga yamazinga e-CYA. Kodwa-ke, izindleko ze-PHMB ziphezulu, futhi azihambisani nezinhlelo ze-chlorine ne-bromine, futhi ukushintsha kuyakhathaza, ngakho-ke uma inqubo yokusebenzisa i-PHMB ingalandelwa ngokuqinile, kuzoba nenkinga enkulu. I-PHMG inamandla afanayo ne-PHMB.
>Ibhalansi ye-pH engu-1.2
Izinga le-pH elifanele aligcini nje ngokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwesibulali-magciwane, kodwa futhi livimbela ukugqwala kanye nokufakwa kwesikali. Ngokuvamile, i-pH yamanzi icishe ibe ngu-5-9, kanti i-pH edingekayo emanzini echibi ivame ukuba phakathi kuka-7.2-7.8. Izinga le-pH libaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni kwechibi. Uma inani liphansi, kulapho i-asidi iba namandla khona; Uma inani liphezulu, kulapho liba lula khona.
1.2.1 Izinga le-pH Eliphezulu (eliphakeme kuno-7.8)
Uma i-pH idlula u-7.8, amanzi echibini aba yi-alkaline. I-pH ephezulu inciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-chlorine echibini, okwenza kungasebenzi kahle ekubulaleni amagciwane. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni zempilo yesikhumba kubabhukudi, emanzini echibini anamafu kanye nokulinganisa imishini yechibi. Uma i-pH iphezulu kakhulu, i-pH Minus (i-Sodium Bisulfate) ingangezwa ukuze kuncishiswe i-pH.
1.2.2 Izinga le-pH eliphansi (ngaphansi kuka-7.2)
Uma i-pH iphansi kakhulu, amanzi echibini azoba ne-asidi futhi agqwale, okubangela uchungechunge lwezinkinga:
- Amanzi anomuncu angacasula amehlo ababhukudi kanye nezindawo zokungena ekhaleni futhi omise isikhumba nezinwele zabo, ngaleyo ndlela abangele ukulunywa;
- Amanzi anomuncu angagqwala izindawo zensimbi kanye nezinto zokufaka amanzi echibini ezifana nezitebhisi, izindonga, izibani kanye nanoma iyiphi insimbi emaphampini, ezihlungini noma ezifudumezayo;
- I-pH ephansi emanzini ingabangela ukugqwala kanye nokuwohloka kwe-gypsum, usimende, itshe, ukhonkolo kanye nethayela. Noma yiluphi uhlangothi lwe-vinyl luzoqhekeka, okwandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka nokudabuka. Zonke lezi zimbiwa ezincibilikisiwe zibhajwa esixazululweni samanzi echibi, okungabangela ukuthi amanzi echibi angcole futhi abe namafu;
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-chlorine yamahhala emanzini izolahleka ngokushesha ngenxa yalokho, okungaholela ekukhuleni kwamagciwane kanye nolwelwe.
Uma kunezinga eliphansi le-pH echibini, ungangeza i-pH Plus (i-Sodium Carbonate) ukuze ukhuphule i-pH kuze kube yilapho i-pH yechibi ihlala ku-7.2-7.8.
Qaphela: Ngemva kokulungisa izinga le-pH, qiniseka ukuthi ulungisa i-alkalinity iyonke ibe yisilinganiso esijwayelekile (60-180ppm).
1.3 I-Alkalinity Ephelele
Ngaphezu kwezinga le-pH elilinganiselayo, i-alkalinity iyonke ithinta nokuzinza nokuphepha kwekhwalithi yamanzi echibini. I-alkalinity iyonke, kanye ne-TC, imelela amandla okuvimba i-pH emzimbeni wamanzi. I-TC ephezulu yenza ukulawulwa kwe-pH kube nzima futhi kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwesikali lapho ubulukhuni be-calcium buphezulu kakhulu; I-TC ephansi ingabangela i-pH ukuba ikhukhuleke, okwenza kube nzima ukuzinza ngaphakathi kobubanzi obufanele. Ububanzi be-TC obufanele bungu-80-100 mg/L (kumachibi asebenzisa i-chlorine ezinzile) noma u-100-120 mg/L (kumachibi asebenzisa i-chlorine ezinzile), okuvumela kufike ku-150 mg/L uma kuyichibi elifakwe ipulasitiki. Kunconywa ukuhlola izinga le-TC kanye ngesonto.
Uma i-TC iphansi kakhulu, i-Sodium Bicarbonate ingasetshenziswa; Uma i-TC iphezulu kakhulu, i-Sodium Bisulfate noma i-Hydrochloric Acid ingasetshenziswa ukuze kuncishiswe uketshezi. Kodwa indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokunciphisa i-TC ukushintsha amanzi angaphelele; Noma engeza i-asidi ukulawula i-pH yamanzi echibini ngaphansi kuka-7.0, bese usebenzisa umshini wokufutha umoya echibini ukuze ususe i-carbon dioxide kuze kube yilapho i-TC yehla iye ezingeni elifunekayo.
1.4 Ukuqina kwe-Calcium
Ukuqina kwe-calcium (CH), okuwukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kokulinganisela kwamanzi, kuhlobene nokucaca kwechibi, ukuqina kwemishini kanye nenduduzo yombhukudi.
Uma amanzi echibi i-CH ephansi, amanzi echibi azoguguleka udonga lwechibi lekhonkrithi, futhi kulula ukuliphuphuzela; I-CH ephezulu yamanzi echibi ingaholela kalula ekwakhekeni kwezikali futhi inciphise ukusebenza kahle kwe-copper algaecide. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukala kuzothinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa kwe-heater. Kunconywa ukuhlola ubulukhuni bamanzi echibi kanye ngesonto. Ububanzi obufanele be-CH ngu-180-250 mg/L (ichibi elineplastiki) noma u-200-275 mg/L (ichibi lekhonkrithi).
Uma kukhona i-CH ephansi echibini, ingandiswa ngokufaka i-Calcium Chloride. Enqubweni yokwengeza, kufanele kuqashelwe ukulawula umthamo kanye nokusatshalaliswa okufanayo ukuze kugwenywe ukugcwala okweqile kwendawo. Uma i-CH iphakeme kakhulu, i-scale remover ingasetshenziswa ukususa i-scale. Uma uyisebenzisa, sicela ulandele ngokuqinile imiyalelo ukuze ugweme ukulimala kwemishini yechibi kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi.
1.5 Ukukhukhumala
Ukukhukhuleka nakho kuyinkomba ebalulekile ekunakekelweni kwechibi. Amanzi echibi anamafu ngeke nje athinte ukubukeka nomuzwa wechibi, kodwa futhi anciphise umphumela wokubulala amagciwane. Umthombo oyinhloko wokukhukhuleka yizinhlayiya ezilenga echibini, ezingasuswa yi-flocculant. I-flocculant evame kakhulu yi-Aluminium Sulfate, ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa i-PAC, vele, kunabantu abambalwa abasebenzisa i-PDADMAC kanye ne-Pool Gel.
1.5.1 I-Aluminium Sulfate
I-Aluminium Sulfate(ebizwa nangokuthi i-Alum) iyi-flocculant enhle kakhulu egcina ichibi lakho lihlanzekile futhi lihlanzekile. Ekuphathweni kwechibi, i-alum iyancibilika emanzini ukuze yakhe ama-floc adonsela futhi abopha ezintweni eziqinile ezilengisiwe kanye nokungcola echibini, okwenza kube lula ukuhlukana namanzi. Ngokukhethekile, i-alum encibilikisiwe emanzini incibilika kancane kancane ukuze yakhe i-Al(OH)3 colloid ekhokhiswe kahle, emunca izinhlayiya ezilengisiwe ezivame ukukhokhiswa kabi emanzini bese ihlangana ngokushesha bese iwa phansi. Ngemva kwalokho, inhlabathi ingahlukaniswa namanzi ngemvula noma ngokuhlunga. Kodwa-ke, i-alum inobuthakathaka, okungukuthi, lapho kunezinga lokushisa eliphansi lamanzi, ukwakheka kwama-floc kuzohamba kancane futhi kukhululeke, okuthinta umphumela wokujiya kanye nokujikijela kwamanzi.
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1.5.2 I-Polyaluminum Chloride
I-Polyaluminum Chloride(PAC) futhi iyinhlanganisela evame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi echibini lokubhukuda. Iyi-flocculant ye-polymer engaphili edlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ikhwalithi yamanzi ngokususa ngempumelelo izinhlayiya ezilengayo, ama-colloid kanye nezinto eziphilayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-PAC ingasusa futhi ulwelwe olufile echibini ukulawula ukukhula kolwelwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-alum kanye ne-PAC kuyi-flocculant ye-aluminium. Uma usebenzisa i-flocculant ye-aluminium, kubalulekile ukuncibilikisa i-flocculant ngaphambi kokuyifaka echibini, bese uvumela ipompo isebenze kuze kube yilapho i-flocculant ihlakazeka ngokuphelele nangokulinganayo emanzini echibi. Ngemuva kwalokho, vala ipompo bese uhlala unganyakazi. Lapho inhlabathi ishona phansi kwechibi, udinga ukusebenzisa i-vacuum cleaner ukuze uyimunce.
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1.5.3 I-PDADMAC kanye ne-Pool Gel
I-PDADMAC kanye ne-Pool GelZombili ziyi-flocculant eziphilayo. Uma zisetshenziswa, ama-floc akhiwe azohlungwa yisihlungi sesihlabathi, futhi khumbula ukuwasha isihlungi ngemuva kokuqeda ukuqunjelwa. Uma usebenzisa i-PDADMAC, idinga ukuncibilikiswa ngaphambi kokungezwa echibini, kuyilapho i-Pool Gel idinga ukufakwa kuphela ku-skimmer, okuyinto elula kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-alum kanye ne-PAC, ukusebenza kwe-flocculation kokubili kubi kakhulu.
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1.6 Ukukhula Kwe-algae
Ukukhula kwe-algae emachibini okubhukuda kuyinkinga evamile futhi eyinkinga. Ngeke nje kuthinte ukubonakala kwechibi ukuze amanzi echibini abe namafu, kodwa futhi kubangele ukuthi amagciwane azalane, okuthinta impilo yababhukudi. Manje ake sixoxe ngendlela yokuxazulula inkinga ye-algae kahle.
1.6.1 Izinhlobo ze-Algae
Okokuqala, sidinga ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-algae ezikhona echibini.
Ulwelwe oluhlaza:Ulwelwe oluvame kakhulu emachibini, lesi isitshalo esincane esiluhlaza. Asikwazi nje ukuntanta emanzini echibi ukuze senze amanzi echibi abe luhlaza, kodwa futhi sinamathele odongeni noma phansi kwechibi ukuze sishelele.
Ulwelwe oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka:Lolu uhlobo lwebhaktheriya, ngokuvamile ngesimo semicu entantayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma emnyama evame ukukhula kabanzi. Futhi ibekezelela kakhulu ama-algicides kune-algae eluhlaza.
Ulwelwe oluphuzi:Lesi yi-chromista. Sikhula ezindongeni nasemagumbini echibi elikhanyiswe ngemuva futhi sivame ukukhiqiza amabala aphuzi, agolide, noma aluhlaza okotshani. Ama-algae aphuzi abekezelela kakhulu ama-algicides, kodwa ama-algicides ethusi avame ukusebenza kahle.
Ulwelwe olumnyama:Njenge-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lolu uhlobo lwebhaktheriya. I-algae emnyama ivame ukukhula emachibini okubhukuda aqinile, ikhiqiza amabala amnyama, ansundu, noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma imivimbo ecishe ibe yisihloko sepensela ezindongeni zechibi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-algae emnyama imelana kakhulu nemithi yokubulala amagciwane, imvamisa ingasuswa kuphela ngokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-chlorine kanye nokuhlanzwa ngokucophelela.
Ulwelwe olupinki:Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-algae, lokhu kuyisikhunta esibonakala eduze komsele wamanzi futhi sibonakala njengamabala noma imivimbo epinki. Usawoti we-ammonium we-quaternary ungabulala izinhlobo ze-algae ezipinki, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi zivela eduze komsele wamanzi futhi azithintani namanzi echibini, umphumela wamakhemikhali emanzini awumuhle futhi ngokuvamile udinga ukuxubha ngesandla.
1.6.2 Izimbangela Zokukhula Kwe-Algae
Amazinga e-chlorine anganele, i-pH engalingani, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlunga ezinganele yizona zizathu eziyinhloko zokukhula kwe-algae. Imvula nayo inegalelo ekuqhakazeni kwe-algae. Imvula ingageza ama-spores e-algae echibini futhi iphazamise ibhalansi yamanzi, idale indawo enhle yokuthi i-algae ikhule. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba amazinga okushisa ehlobo enyuka, nezinga lokushisa lamanzi echibini liyakhuphuka, okudala izimo zokukhula kwamagciwane kanye ne-algae. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-algae ingakhiqizwa futhi ngezinto ezingcolisayo ezithwalwa ababhukudi, njengezingubo zokubhukuda abazigqokayo kanye namathoyizi abadlala ngawo emachibini noma emanzini olwandle.
1.6.3 Izinhlobo ze-Algicides
Ngokuvamile, kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokubulala ulwelwe: ukubulala ulwelwe ngokomzimba kanye nokubulala ulwelwe ngamakhemikhali. Ukubulala ulwelwe ngokomzimba kubhekisela kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezikrweqe ze-algae ezenziwe ngesandla noma ezizenzakalelayo ukususa ulwelwe ebusweni bamanzi. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ayisusi ngokuphelele ulwelwe, kodwa ithuthukisa kuphela izinga lempumelelo lokubulala ulwelwe ngamakhemikhali. Ukubulala ulwelwe ngamakhemikhali kuwukufaka ama-algicides ukususa ulwelwe noma ukuvimbela ukukhula kwawo. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-algicides ngokuvamile anomphumela wokubulala ulwelwe kancane, asetshenziswa kakhulu ukuvimbela ulwelwe. Ama-algicides ahlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo:
- I-polyquaternary ammonium salt algicide:Lolu uhlobo lwe-algicide ebiza kakhulu, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kungcono kunezinye i-algicide, akuzona amabhamuza, futhi akubanga ukukala kanye nokupenda.
- I-algicide kasawoti we-ammonium ohlanganisa i-quaternary:Le algicide ishibhile futhi inomphumela omuhle, futhi ayibangeli ukukalwa kanye nokungcola. Kodwa ingabangela ukuqhuma kwegwebu futhi ilimaze isihlungi.
- Ithusi elihlanganisiwe:Lena yi-algicide evame kakhulu, hhayi nje kuphela eshibhile, kodwa futhi inomphumela omuhle ekubulaleni ulwelwe. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa i-algicide yethusi exutshwe ne-chelated kuthambekele ekukhuhleni nasekudayeni, futhi akuvunyelwe kwezinye izindawo.
Chofoza kusixhumanisi ukuze ubuke ulwazi oluningiliziwe lomkhiqizo
1.6.4 Indlela Yokuxazulula Inkinga Yolwelwe
- Okokuqala, khetha i-algicide efanelekile. Inkampani yethu ihlinzeka ngamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene abulala ulwelwe, okuhlanganisa i-Super Algicide, i-Strong Algicide, i-Quarter Algicide, i-Blue Algicide, njll., okungavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhula kolwelwe namagciwane futhi kudale indawo yokubhukuda ephephile yababhukudi.
- Okwesibili, hlanza ulwelwe olunamathele ezindongeni nangaphansi kwechibi ngebhulashi.
- Okwesithathu, hlola ikhwalithi yamanzi, okuhlanganisa nezinga le-chlorine yamahhala kanye ne-pH. I-chlorine yamahhala ingenye yezinkomba zamandla okubulala amagciwane, futhi i-pH ingahlinzeka ngendawo ezinzile yokulandela amanye amakhemikhali echibini.
- Okwesine, engeza ama-algicides emanzini echibi, angabulala kahle ulwelwe.
- Okwesihlanu, engeza izibulali-magciwane echibini, okungaba usizo oluhle ekusebenzeni kwe-algicide, futhi kuxazululwe inkinga yolwelwe ngokushesha.
- Okwesithupha, gcina uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi lusebenza. Ukugcina imishini yechibi isebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi kuvumela amakhemikhali echibi ukuthi afinyelele kuwo wonke amakhona, okuqinisekisa ukumbozwa okuphezulu kwechibi.
- Ekugcineni, ngemva kokuqeda izinyathelo ezingenhla, qiniseka ukuthi ugeza isihlungi sesihlabathi ukuze ugcine ukusebenza kahle kwemishini.
Ukugcinwa Kwamadamu Okuvamile nakho kuyiNgxenye Ebalulekile Yokugcinwa Kwamadamu
Ukuze kugcinwe ichibi lihlanzekile futhi lihlanzekile isikhathi eside, ngaphezu kokubhekana nezinkinga zekhwalithi yamanzi ezingenhla, ukulungiswa kwechibi nsuku zonke nakho kubalulekile.
2.1 Hlola Ikhwalithi Yamanzi Njalo
Ikhwalithi yamanzi iyisisekelo sokugcinwa kwechibi. Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezinga le-pH, i-chlorine yamahhala, i-alkalinity ephelele kanye nezinye izinkomba ezibalulekile emanzini kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwekhwalithi yamanzi. I-pH ephezulu kakhulu noma ephansi kakhulu ngeke nje ithinte umphumela wokubulala amagciwane, kodwa futhi ingabangela ukucasuka kwesikhumba namehlo. Ngakho-ke, kuwumsebenzi obalulekile wokulungisa nsuku zonke ukulungisa ikhwalithi yamanzi ngesikhathi ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa nokuyigcina ingaphakathi kwebanga elifanele.
2.2 Gcina Uhlelo Lokuhlunga
Uhlelo lokuhlunga lwechibi luyisihluthulelo sokugcina amanzi ehlanzekile futhi ehlanzekile. Ukuhlanza noma ukushintsha njalo izinto zokuhlunga nokuhlola ukusebenza kwephampu nepayipi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi ageleza kahle kuyisisekelo sokugcina ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuhlunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umjikelezo ofanele wokuhlanza ngemuva ungandisa ngempumelelo impilo yento yokuhlunga futhi uthuthukise umphumela wokuhlunga.
2.3 Hlanza Ichibi Lokubhukuda
Ukuhlanza ubuso bechibi kanye nodonga lwechibi nakho kugxilwe ekunakekelweni kwansuku zonke. Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlanza ochwepheshe, njengebhulashi lechibi, umshini wokumunca, njll., ukususa njalo izinto ezintantayo ebusweni bechibi, i-moss yodonga lwechibi kanye ne-sediment engezansi kwechibi, kungagcina ubuhle nokuphepha kwechibi lonke. Okwamanje, qaphela ukuhlola ukuthi ithayela nezinye izinto ziphelele yini bese ulungisa umonakalo ngesikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela ugweme ukungcola kwamanzi.
2.4 Ukugcinwa Kokuvimbela
Ngaphezu kokuhlanza nokuhlola kwansuku zonke, ukulungiswa kokuvimbela nakho kubalulekile. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwesistimu yokudonsa amanzi kufanele kuqiniswe ngaphambi kwesikhathi semvula ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza kwamanzi emvula. Qedela ukulungiswa nokugcinwa kwemishini ngaphambi kwesikhathi semvula ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwechibi ngesikhathi semvula. Lezi zinyathelo zinganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokwehluleka okungazelelwe futhi zandise impilo yechibi.
Sekukonke, ukulungiswa kwechibi lokubhukuda kuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi nocophelelayo odinga umzamo omkhulu kanye nesineke kubaphathi bamachibi okubhukuda. Uma nje senza umsebenzi omuhle wokulungisa njalo kanye nokusebenzisa amakhemikhali echibi ngendlela efanele, singahlinzeka ngendawo efanelekile nenempilo yechibi lokubhukuda kubabhukudi. Uma unemibuzo, sicela ukhululeke ukuxhumana nathi. Njengomkhiqizi ohamba phambili wamakhemikhali echibi lokubhukuda eShayina, singanikeza isiqondiso sobungcweti kanye nemikhiqizo engabizi kakhulu.
