Wake wafaka i-Aluminium Sulphate ethangini lakho lokwelapha, ulindele amanzi acwebezelayo, kodwa wabuka i-pH yehla ngenkathi amanzi ehlala enamafu kakhulu? Awuwedwa. Ekuphatheni amanzi, i-Alum iyisithako esinamandla, kodwa futhi iyi-wildcard yamakhemikhali uma ungalawuli imvelo.
Uma i-aluminium sulphate isabela namanzi, ayimane nje "incibilike"—ibangela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuyinkimbinkimbi, okushintsha i-chemistry yamanzi ngemizuzwana. Uma izinga lokushisa, i-alkalinity, noma umthamo kuphansi kancane, inqubo yakho yokujiya izohluleka, ikubize isikhathi nemali.
Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizochaza kahle ikhemikhali eqondile ngemuva kwe-aluminium sulphate kanye nokusabela kwamanzi, sichaze ukuthi kungani i-pH yakho iziphatha ngendlela eziphatha ngayo, futhi sikubonise ukuthi ungayilawula kanjani impendulo ukuze uthole ukusebenza kahle okukhulu kweqembu.
Ukubuka konke kwe-Aluminium Sulfate
I-aluminium sulfate, emelelwa ngamakhemikhali njenge-Al2(SO4)3, iyi-crystalline solid emhlophe evame ukusetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi. Lapho i-aluminium sulfate isabela namanzi, idlula ku-hydrolysis, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali lapho ama-molecule amanzi ehlukanisa khona i-compound ibe yi-ion yayo. Lokhu kusabela kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi.
I-aluminium sulfate: Ukusabela kwe-Hydrolysis kanye nokuziphatha kwamakhemikhali
Uma ihlangana namanzi, i-aluminium sulfate iyahlukana ibe ama-ion e-aluminium (Al³⁺) nama-ion e-sulfate (SO₄²⁻). Ama-ion e-aluminium abe esesabela kakhulu kuma-molecule amanzi ngokusebenzisa i-hydrolysis, akha uchungechunge lwezinhlobo ze-aluminium hydroxide. Le nqubo ingenziwa lula kanje:
Al3++ 3H2O → Al(OH)3↓ + 3H+
Umphumela uba ukwakheka kwe-amorphous aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)₃), i-gelatinous precipitate, kanye nokukhululwa kwama-ion e-hydrogen (H⁺), okufaka isandla ekwandeni kwe-asidi esixazululweni.
Indima ye-Aluminium Hydroxide
I-aluminium hydroxide eyakheka ngesikhathi se-hydrolysis isebenza kahle kakhulu njenge-coagulant. Ngenxa yendawo yayo enkulu kanye nokushaja okuhle, iqeda amandla ezinhlayiya ezishajwe kabi ezifana nalezi:
- Ubumba nodaka
- Izinto eziphilayo
- Ama-microorganism
Njengoba lezi zinhlayiya zilahlekelwa ukuqina kwazo, ziqala ukuhlangana zibe amaqoqo amakhulu, aziwa ngokuthi ama-floc. Le nqubo ibalulekile ku:
- Ukujiya – ukuwohloza izinhlayiya ezilengayo
- Ukukhukhuleka – okwakha izinhlayiya ezinkulu nezihlala isikhathi eside
Lawa ma-floc angasuswa kalula ngokuthungwa noma ngokuhlunga, okuholela emanzini acwebezelayo nahlanzekile.
Umphumela we-Aluminium Sulfate ku-pH kanye ne-Alkalinity
Isici esibalulekile se-aluminium sulfate hydrolysis ukukhishwa kwama-ion e-hydrogen, okwehlisa i-pH yamanzi futhi kunciphise i-alkalinity. Lokhu kusho ukuthi:
- Amanzi aba ne-asidi eyengeziwe
- Umthamo wokufaka i-buffer (i-alkalinity) uyancipha
Ezinhlelweni ezine-alkalinity ephansi—njengamachibi okubhukuda noma imithombo ethile yamanzi eluhlaza—lokhu kungathinta kabi ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa. Ukuze kulondolozwe izimo ezinhle kakhulu, i-alkalinity ivame ukulungiswa ngokungeza ama-compounds afana ne-sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃).
Ukugcina amazinga e-pH afanele (ngokuvamile acishe abe ngu-6.0–7.5 ukuze kuhlanganiswe) kubalulekile ekukhuliseni ukusebenza kwama-coagulant asekelwe ku-aluminium.
I-Aluminium Sulfate Ezicelweni Zokwelapha Amanzi
Ukusabela phakathi kwe-aluminium sulfate namanzi kubalulekile ezinqubweni zokuhlanza amanzi zikamasipala nezezimboni. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ku:
- Ukuhlanza amanzi okuphuza
- Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile
- Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi echibini lokubhukuda
Ukusebenza kwayo kahle, ukonga izindleko, kanye nokulula kokusetshenziswa kwayo kuyenza ibe ngenye yama-coagulant asetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Ngezemvelo
Nakuba i-aluminium sulfate isebenza kahle kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kumele kulawulwe ngokucophelela. I-aluminium esele eningi emanzini ahlanziwe ingabangela ukukhathazeka ngemvelo kanye nemithetho. Ngakho-ke:
- Ukulinganisa okunembile kubalulekile
- Kudingeka ukuqapha okuqhubekayo
- Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi yamanzi endawo kumele kuqinisekiswe
Ukuphathwa okufanele kuqinisekisa kokubili ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kanye nokuphepha kwemvelo.
Uma i-aluminium sulfate isabela emanzini, idlula ku-hydrolysis ukuze yakhe i-aluminium hydroxide nama-ion e-hydrogen. I-aluminium hydroxide ephumelayo isebenza njenge-coagulant enamandla, evumela ukususwa kokungcola okulengayo ngokujiya kanye nokugoba.
Ngokulawulwa kwe-pH okufanele, ukukala, kanye nokuqapha, i-aluminium sulfate ihlala iyisisombululo esithembekile nesisebenzayo ezinhlelweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi zesimanje.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-05-2024
