Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene ukusiza ekuhlanzeni amanzi. Ama-Flocculant angenye yamakhemikhali abalulekile adlala indima ebalulekile enkambisweni yokwelashwa kwendle. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula ngokuningiliziwe umthamo wamakhemikhali okwelashwa kwendle, izimboni zokusetshenziswa kwama-flocculant ekwelapheni indle, indima yamakhemikhali endle, kanye nezinyathelo zokuqapha zokusebenzisa ama-flocculant.
Umthamo wamakhemikhali okwelapha indle uncike ekhwalithini yendle, inqubo yokwelapha kanye nezimo zangempela. Nazi izibonelo zemithamo yamakhemikhali athile okwelapha indle avamile:
I-Polyaluminum chloride (i-PAC):Ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-flocculant, ingasabela ngezinhlayiya ze-colloidal ezishajelwe kabi ukuze ikhiqize ama-micelle e-hydroxide ahlala phansi ukuze kususwe izinto eziqinile ezilengayo kanye nama-ion ensimbi esindayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, umthamo ngethani lamanzi angavuthiwe ungamagremu angamashumi, kodwa umthamo wangempela udinga ukulungiswa ngokuya ngekhwalithi yamanzi angavuthiwe kanye nezimo zenqubo.
I-Polyacrylamide (i-PAM):isetshenziswa njenge-coagulant ukuthuthukisa ukuqina nokuqina kwe-floc. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kanye ne-polyaluminium chloride, umthamo ngethani lamanzi angavuthiwe cishe amagremu ambalwa, kodwa umthamo wangempela udinga ukulungiswa ngokufanele ngokuya ngezimo zenqubo kanye nezinhlobo zokungcola.
Ama-Flocculant asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni amanzi angcolile, ikakhulukazi afaka phakathi izigaba ezilandelayo:
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile asezimbonini: Amanzi angcolile asezimbonini aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziqinile ezilengayo, ama-ion ensimbi esindayo kanye nokungcola okungokwemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-flocculant kungasusa ngempumelelo lokhu kungcola futhi kuhlanze amanzi angcolile.
Ukwelashwa kwendle yasekhaya: Indle yasekhaya iqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinto eziqinile ezilengayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-flocculant kungasusa ngempumelelo lokhu kungcola futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yamanzi.
Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile asepulazini: Amanzi angcolile asepulazini aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo, i-ammonia nitrogen nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-flocculant kungasusa ngempumelelo lokhu kungcola futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yamanzi.
Amanzi angcolile asezimbonini: Ukusetshenziswa kwama-flocculant kungasusa ngempumelelo izinto eziqinile ezilengayo, ama-ion ensimbi esindayo kanye nokungcola okungokwemvelo emanzini futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yamanzi.
Imisebenzi yamakhemikhali endle ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi izigaba ezilandelayo:
Ukususwa kwezinto eziqinile ezilengayo: Ngokusebenza kwe-flocculants, izinto eziqinile ezilengayo emanzini angcolile zihlanganiswa zibe yizicucu ukuze kube lula ukuthuthwa kwenhlabathi kanye nokuhlunga.
Ukususwa kwama-ion ensimbi esindayo: Ngokusebenza kwama-flocculant, ama-ion ensimbi esindayo emanzini angcolile aguqulwa abe ama-hydroxide precipitates ukuze kube lula ukuwasusa.
Ukususwa kwezinto ezingcolisa izinto eziphilayo: Ngokusebenza kwama-flocculant, izinto ezingcolisa izinto eziphilayo emanzini angcolile ziguqulwa zibe yi-hydroxide precipitates noma zifakwe i-oxidized zibe ezinye izinto ukuze zisuswe kalula.
Ukulungiswa kwe-pH: Lungisa i-pH yamanzi angcolile ngesenzo se-alkali noma i-asidi ukuze kuhlanzwe amanzi angcolile.
Izinto okufanele uziqaphele uma usebenzisa ama-flocculant:
Khetha i-flocculant efanele: Ama-flocculant ahlukene anemisebenzi nemiphumela ehlukene. Kubalulekile ukukhetha i-flocculant efanele ngokwesimo sangempela.
Lawula umthamo wemithi: Umthamo onganele uzothinta umphumela, futhi umthamo oweqile uzodala ukumosha kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezomnotho. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulawula umthamo ofanele ngokwesimo sangempela.
Hlanganisa kahle: Hlanganisa i-flocculant bese unisela kahle ukuze incibilike ngokuphelele futhi isabele.
Naka izinga lokushisa kanye nenani le-pH: Izinga lokushisa kanye nenani le-pH kunomthelela emphumeleni we-flocculant futhi kudinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-27-2023