Amakhemikhali okuhlanza indle

Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene ukusiza ukuhlanza amanzi.Ama-flocculants angenye yamakhemikhali abalulekile adlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuhlanza indle.Lesi sihloko sizokwethula ngokuningiliziwe umthamo wamakhemikhali okuhlanza indle, izimboni zokusebenzisa ama-flocculants ekuhlanzeni indle, indima yamakhemikhali endle, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha zokusebenzisa ama-flocculants.

Umthamo wamakhemikhali okuhlanza indle uncike kwikhwalithi yendle, inqubo yokwelashwa kanye nezimo zangempela.Okulandelayo yizibonelo zemithamo yamakhemikhali athile ajwayelekile okuhlanza indle:

I-Polyaluminium chloride (PAC):Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njenge-flocculant, ingasabela ngezinhlayiya ze-colloidal ezikhokhiswa kabi ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-micelles e-hydroxide ukususa izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe nama-ion ensimbi esindayo.Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, umthamo ngethani ngalinye lamanzi aluhlaza cishe amashumi amagremu, kodwa umthamo wangempela udinga ukulungiswa ngokuya ngekhwalithi yamanzi aluhlaza kanye nezimo zenqubo.

I-Polyacrylamide (PAM):esetshenziswa njenge-coagulant ukuthuthukisa ukucinana nokuzinza kwe-floc.Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa kanye ne-polyaluminium chloride, umthamo ngethani lamanzi aluhlaza cishe amagremu ambalwa, kodwa umthamo wangempela udinga ukulungiswa ngokufanele ngokuya ngezimo zenqubo kanye nezinhlobo zokungcola.

Ama-flocculants asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni amanzi angcolile, ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi izigaba ezilandelayo:

Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini: Amanzi angcolile ezimbonini aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, ama-ion ensimbi esindayo kanye nokungcola kwemvelo.Ukusetshenziswa kwama-flocculants kungasusa ngokuphumelelayo lezi zinto ezingcolile futhi kuhlanze amanzi angcolile.

Ukuhlanza indle ekhaya: Indle yasendlini iqukethe isamba esikhulu sezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe.Ukusetshenziswa kwama-flocculants kungasusa ngempumelelo lezi zinto ezingcolile futhi kuthuthukise izinga lamanzi.

Ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile epulazini: Amanzi angcolile asepulazini aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo, i-ammonia nitrogen nezinye izinto eziyingozi.Ukusetshenziswa kwama-flocculants kungasusa ngempumelelo lezi zinto ezingcolile futhi kuthuthukise izinga lamanzi.

Amanzi angcolile ezimbonini: Ukusetshenziswa kwama-flocculants kungasusa ngempumelelo izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, ama-ion ensimbi esindayo kanye nokungcola kwemvelo emanzini futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yamanzi.

Imisebenzi yamakhemikhali endle ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa lezi zigaba ezilandelayo:

Ukususwa kwezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe: Ngesenzo se-flocculants, izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe emanzini angcolile zihlanganiswa zibe yizigaxa ukuze kube lula ukugeleza kwenhlabathi nokuhlunga.

Ukususwa kwama-ion ensimbi esindayo: Ngokusebenza kwama-flocculants, ama-ion ensimbi esindayo emanzini angcolile aguqulwa abe ama-hydroxide precipitates ukuze asuswe kalula.

Ukususwa kwezinto ezingcolisa imvelo: Ngokusebenza kwama-flocculants, ukungcola kwemvelo emanzini angcolile aguqulwa abe ama-hydroxide precipitates noma afakwe i-oxidation kwezinye izinto ukuze zisuswe kalula.

Ukulungiswa kwe-pH: Lungisa i-pH yamanzi angcolile ngokusebenzisa isenzo se-alkali noma i-asidi ukuze uhlanze amanzi angcolile.

Izinto okufanele uziqaphele lapho usebenzisa ama-flocculants:

Khetha i-flocculant efanele: Ama-flocculants ahlukene anemisebenzi ehlukene kanye nemiphumela.Kuyadingeka ukukhetha i-flocculant efanele ngokusho kwesimo sangempela.

Lawula umthamo womuthi: Umthamo onganele uzothinta umphumela, futhi umthamo oweqile uzodala imfucuza kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezomnotho.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukulawula umthamo ofanele ngokwesimo sangempela.

Govuza kahle: Gcoba i-flocculant namanzi kahle ukuze kuchitheke ngokuphelele futhi usabele.

Naka izinga lokushisa kanye nevelu ye-pH: Izinga lokushisa nenani le-pH linomthelela emthelela we-flocculant futhi lidinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela.